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7-1.5 Burnette
European settlement patterns in Asia, Africa, and the Americas
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Colonization | when a country sets up colonies, which can be a settlement of its own citizens in a distant land, or when a country takes over and rules another land or people |
| Association of "equals" | when two societies or groups are about the same as each other -- applies to initial interactions between Europe and Asia |
| Mutually beneficial trade | when two peoples both make money or do well when they trade goods and/or services |
| trade "presence" | having merchants and companies set up so that they can trade in another place or land |
| trading post | a store set up in a far-away place, or in a place which is thinly settled |
| port city | a city or town on a river or on the shore of an ocean where ships can be loaded and unloaded |
| Missionaries | persons whom a church sends to another place or country to try to convince people to start believing in its religion |
| Isolationism | keeping one’s country or peoples apart from others |
| Plantation system | a system of setting up large farms, especially in colonies in warm climates with lots of rain, that typically grew sugar cane, coffee, rice, tobacco, or cotton |
| Native labor | using people who already lived in a particular place, as workers, especially on a plantation colony |
| Slave labor | having workers who are slaves (people who are kidnapped, sold, and forced to work for free, often in terrible conditions) |
| Sugar cane | a tall grass, grown in warm climates, which is the source of about 80 percent of the world’s sugar -- often grown on slave plantations as a staple crop |
| Cash crop | a crop that is easily sold for money; examples: sugar, rice, tobacco, wheat, cotton; also known as staple crops |
| Indentured servants | a person, usually a poor person from England / Great Britain, who signed an agreement (typically for seven years) to work (usually on a farm or plantation) in a colony, normally in British North America, during the 1600s and 1700s |
| "Redemptioners" | a group of indentured servants in the British colonies who would negotiate their indenture, or terms of work, to pay for their costs to travel and live, upon arriving in the Americas |
| Settlements | a new, often distant place to which a group of people have moved to and set up a place to live; a colony |
| Fur trade | the buying from Native Americans and selling to Europeans of animal skins, especially by the French in colonial North America |
| French and Indian War | War fought from 1754-1763 between the British and the French (with Indian allies) both in colonial North America, and other places. The French lost and the British temporarily took over all of colonial North America north of Spanish Mexico |
| Viceroy | a person who rules a colony for a king or queen; viceroys ruled Spanish and Portuguese colonies |
| Representative government | when citizens vote for others who will rule, make, and enforce laws on their behalf; English colonies in North America had representative government |
| Jamestown | first successful British colonial settlement in North America; established in Virginia in 1607 |
| Pilgrims | English, Puritan settlers who established the settler colony of Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 to gain their religious freedom |
| Catholicism vs. Protestantism | Protestants believe in justification (salvation) by faith alone, while Catholics believe that persons are saved through faith and by observing sacraments such as confession, and that the Pope is the rightful leader of the Church |
| Tribal warfare in Africa | wars fought by African tribes to capture slaves; these led to the loss of workers, economic problems, decreased (lower) population, and broke up families |
| African resistance movements | Some Africans began to try to stop the European slave trade, either by attacking European slave traders in Africa or by revolting on the slave ships |
| Middle Passage | the middle part of the Triangular Trade during which African slaves were sent to the Americas. Conditions for slaves were so horrible that about one third of all slaves (millions, overall) died during the Middle Passage |
| Triangular Trade | the trade involving the shipment of manufactured goods from Europe to Africa, the shipment of slaves from Africa to the Americas, and the shipment of staple goods or crops and rum from the Americas to Europe |
| Silk Road | the difficult, unsafe, 4,000 mile long road connecting Europe to China. Europeans traveled it to get silk and spices from China before finding a water passage to China. |
| Spice Trade | Europeans sought spices, used to flavor and preserve food, from China. |
| Jesuit missionaries | Specially trained Roman Catholic priests sent to Asia to convert Asians to Christianity. |
| Caboceers | African officials appointed by African governments or societies to trade (exchange) slaves to Europeans. |
| King Alfonso I of the Congo | a Christian, he appealed to two different Popes (head of the Catholic Church) in 1529 and again in 1539 to stop the slave trade. The Popes did not end the slave trade. |
| Queen Nzinga | In the 1640s and 1650s, she led an army against Portuguese slave traders in what is today Angola. |
| Olauduh Equiano | a slave who escaped, he wrote a book about his experiences as a slave. His book influenced British public opinion. Britain outlawed slavery in its colonies in 1834. |
| The Amistad Revolt | 1839 slave revolt on a slave ship. After the ship landed in the U.S., the slaves were charged with murder, but found not guilty in 1841. |
| Slave revolt in Haiti | slaves in French St. Domingue (Haiti), led by Toussaint L’Ouverture, revolted in the 1790s in the only slave rebellion in history which led to the creation of an independent country. |
| Effects of Slavery on Africa | kidnapped and killed millions, especially the young and strongest; ruined kingdoms and villages; and caused wars. |
| Trading Post Empire | colonial empires consisting of outposts set up for the purposes of trade |
| Dutch Trading Post Empire | The Dutch traded for furs in New Netherlands. |
| French Trading Post Empire | The French traded for fish and furs in New France (Canada), and for furs along the Mississippi. |
| Russian Trading Post Empire | The Russians traded for furs in Alaska. |
| Plantation Colonies | Colonies set up with large farming estates to produce cash crops. The British, French, Dutch (the Netherlands), Portugal, and Spain all established plantation colonies. |
| Settler Colonies | Colonies set up to attract enough people to establish a firm foothold in another land. The British had settler colonies in Massachusetts Bay, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland. The Dutch had New Amsterdam (which later became New York). |
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oburnette
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