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Chapter 3

Early Culture in Our Land

TermDefinition
prehistoric people those who lived before recorded history
archeologists scientists who study ancient cultures by examining what they have left behind.
artifacts include any items made or used by people, such as pottery, tools, bone, jewelry and paintings
petroglyphs pictures or symbols that convey an idea
fossils traces or remains of living things
anthropologists people who study artifacts, fossils, cave drawings, trails and oral history to learn the culture of a group and how groups of people lived.
Beringia land bridge between Siberia and Alaska that ancient people crossed from Asia into North America
nomadic wandering from place to place
Clovis People mammoth hunters, developed spear points known as Clovis points.
Foragers hunters, with modern forms of prey. Hunted in more localized areas; harvested nuts, berries, food, grains
metates small sandstone basins used to crack grains or make flour
atlatl weapon with a short wooden shaft with a hook at the end that was used to throw darts
Woodland Culture early farmers, built better shelters and lived in more permanent villages, made pottery.
Plains Village Farmers 1,200 to 500 years ago. People grew corn, beans, squash, gourds, sunflowers, tobacco. Lived along waterways, square houses on posts of red cedar or cottonwood
Moundbuilders small farming communities in the country with one centrally located village. People painted themselves. Create mounds of dirt used for burials, temples,
Early Plains Indians buffalo important providing food, clothing, shelter. Grass houses and tipis covered with buffalo hides
viceroy governor
barter trade one item for another
totems animal or bird whose spirit guided them
shaman wise medicine men
polygamy having more than one wife
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