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Chapter 3
Early Culture in Our Land
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| prehistoric people | those who lived before recorded history |
| archeologists | scientists who study ancient cultures by examining what they have left behind. |
| artifacts | include any items made or used by people, such as pottery, tools, bone, jewelry and paintings |
| petroglyphs | pictures or symbols that convey an idea |
| fossils | traces or remains of living things |
| anthropologists | people who study artifacts, fossils, cave drawings, trails and oral history to learn the culture of a group and how groups of people lived. |
| Beringia | land bridge between Siberia and Alaska that ancient people crossed from Asia into North America |
| nomadic | wandering from place to place |
| Clovis People | mammoth hunters, developed spear points known as Clovis points. |
| Foragers | hunters, with modern forms of prey. Hunted in more localized areas; harvested nuts, berries, food, grains |
| metates | small sandstone basins used to crack grains or make flour |
| atlatl | weapon with a short wooden shaft with a hook at the end that was used to throw darts |
| Woodland Culture | early farmers, built better shelters and lived in more permanent villages, made pottery. |
| Plains Village Farmers | 1,200 to 500 years ago. People grew corn, beans, squash, gourds, sunflowers, tobacco. Lived along waterways, square houses on posts of red cedar or cottonwood |
| Moundbuilders | small farming communities in the country with one centrally located village. People painted themselves. Create mounds of dirt used for burials, temples, |
| Early Plains Indians | buffalo important providing food, clothing, shelter. Grass houses and tipis covered with buffalo hides |
| viceroy | governor |
| barter | trade one item for another |
| totems | animal or bird whose spirit guided them |
| shaman | wise medicine men |
| polygamy | having more than one wife |