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TermDefinition
reason the use of scientific and logical thinking, to draw conclusions about society.
Enlightenment a period of time in the late 1600s and throughout the 1700s, sparked by scientists who used reason, along with experiments, to figure out how the universe worked.
natural law a law that applied to everyone and that could be understood through reason, could help change life for the better.
tabula rasa Philosopher John Locke believed everyone was born with a blank slate or a blank mind, referred to as a tabula rasa. People’s thoughts were shaped by experiences.
natural right rights belonging to all humans from birth. -John Locke
social contract people guarded their natural rights by forming a social contract, an agreement between citizens and their ruler. -John Locke
Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson was a student of the Enlightenment and used John Locke’s ideas to write the Declaration.
philosophe meaning philosopher, an educated person who uses reason to study life. The Glorious Revolution and the ideas of John Locke inspired French thinkers known as philosophes.
separation of power a division of power among the branches of government. Baron de Montesquieu outlined a structure of government, based on the limited government of England, with three branches: executive (monarch), legislative (Parliament), and judicial (courts).
checks and balances protects freedom by keeping any one person or group from gaining too much power. Separation of power allows the three branches of government to limit and control each other. -Baron de Montesquieu
civic virtue one’s duty as a citizen. Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed education was important and that children should be taught civic virtue.
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