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History Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What major advantage did the conquistadors have over Native Americans? | superior weapons |
| The early settlers of Jamestown survived with the help of the | Powhatan Confederacy |
| Which Enlightenment writer suggested executive, legislative, and judicial powers into three different branches of government? | Baron Montesquieu |
| Which colony offered a new chance to the poor who had been imprisoned in England? | Georgia |
| Who did the delegates of Constitutional Convention choose as their presiding officer? | George Washington |
| The special militia unit in Concord, Massachusetts, was known as the | minutemen |
| puts down rebellions | executive |
| makes laws | legislative |
| once appointed, federal members serve for life | judicial |
| renders judgement in cases involving federal officials | judicial |
| implements and enforces laws | executive |
| headed by a president | executive |
| interprets federal laws | judicial |
| has veto power | executive |
| may override votess | legislative |
| The American Temperance Union focused on | pushing for laws to prohibit the sale of liquor |
| What was Jefferson Davis's strategy for winning the Civil War? | a war of attrition to force the North to exhaust its resources |
| Which of the following states was the first to secede from the Union? | South Carolina |
| What did Winfield Scott propose in the Anaconda Plan? | a blockade of Confederate ports |
| Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction called for | reconciling with the South rather than punishing it |
| Which of the following was an advantage the South enjoyed over the North from the beginning of the war? | more military colleges |
| Before the Sand Creek Massacre, the Cheyenne had come to Fort Lyon to | negotiate |
| War chief who lured an army detachment into an ambush | Crazy Horse |
| chief who led a Dakota Sioux uprising in Minnesota | Little Crow |
| historian who studied the frontier | Frederick Jackson Turner |
| occurred when farmers blocked cattle trails | range wars |
| supply point for mining areas in the Rocky Mountains | Denver |
| destination for those using the Chisholm Trail | Abilene |
| writer who sparked discussion of better treatment for Native Americans | Helen Hunt Jackson |
| diverted the current of a river for faster mining | sluice |
| During the early days of industrialization, many members of Congress believed that tariffs were necessary to | protect new industries from foreign competition |
| The Great Northern became the most successful transcontinental railroad in part because of | its founder's good decisions and honest business practices |
| Employers generally viewed unions as | conspiracies that interfered with property rights |
| Some labor supporters were anarchists, who believed that society did not need any | government |
| The Knights of Labor suffered a steady decline in membership and influence due to lost strikes and | the Haymarket Riot |
| The American Federation of Labor pushed for closed shops, meaning that companies | could only hire union workers |
| set up research laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey | Thomas Alva Edison |
| known for manipulating stock prices | Jay Gould |
| inventor of the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell |
| saw capitalism as a struggle between workers and owners | Karl Marx |
| began the first direct rail service between New York City and Chicago | Cornelius Vanderbilt |
| operated Standard Oil | John D. Rockefeller |
| drilled the first oil well | Edwin Drake |
| founder of a steel company in Pittsburgh | Andrew Carnegie |
| head of the American Railway Union | Eugene V. Debs |
| head of the American Federation of Labor | Samuel Gompers |
| By the 1890s, more than half of all immigrants in the United States were | eastern and southern Europeans |
| Many labor unions opposed immigration, arguing that most immigrants | would work for low wages |
| In the lates 1800s, the most common form of mass transit was the | horsecar |
| William M. Tweed was | the party boss of a political machine |
| was the philosophy that Americans with a great deal of money should use it for social progress | Gospel of Wealth |
| The world's first skyscraper, built in 1885, was | 10 stories tall |
| Nativists wanted to | limit or cut off immigration |
| Subway systems were first developed to | relieve congestion on city streets |
| Passed in several western states, Granger laws | limited the rates that railroads could charge |
| Political machines provided new city dwellers with necessities such as jobs, housing, and police protection in exchange for | votes |
| What philosophy stated that people failed in life because of circumstances beyond their control? | Naturalism |
| In the early 1860s, Chinese immigrants came to the United States to | work on the transcontinental railroad |
| Tammany Hall was a | political machine |
| Under the Pendleton Act, people would gain government jobs according to | their performance on competitive written examination |
| New technology helped farmers produce more crops, which caused | prices to fall |
| developed the theory of evolution and natural selection | Charles Darwin |
| argued that society progressed because only the fittest people survived | Herbert Spencer |
| wrote "rags-to-riches" novels | Horatio Alger |
| believed that those who profited from society owed it something in return | Andrew Carnegie |
| expressed ideas that became known as the Atlanta Compromise | Booker T. Washington |
| assassinated a few months into his presidency | James A. Garfield |
| a Stalwart who became president in 1881 | Chester A. Arthur |
| established the doctrine of "separate but equal" | Plessy v. Ferguson |
| wrote that "'color discrimination is barbarism" | W.E.B. DuBois |
| the "King of Ragtime" | Scott Joplin |
| launched a crusade against lynching | Ida B. Wells |
| argued that government could solve society's problems more efficiently than competition in the marketplace | Lester Frank Ward |
| revivalist who believed the way to help the poor was by redeeming their souls | Dwight L. Moody |
| founder of the Tuskegee Institute | Booker T. Washington |
| opened Hull House in Chicago | Jane Adams |
| organized a mass migration of African Americans to Kansas | Benjamin "Pap" Singleton |
| supported public libraries, believing that access to knowledge was the key to getting ahead in life | Andrew Carnegie |
| operated Henry Street Settlement in New York City | Lillian Wald |
| Populist and Democratic presidential nominee in 1896 | William Jennings Bryan |
| published a book describing a perfect society in the year 2000 | Edward Bellamy |
| African Americans should postpone the fight for civil rights and prepare themselves educationally and vocationally for full equality | Atlanta Compromise |
| author who wrote novels in local dialect with a lively sense of humor | Mark Twain |
| perhaps the best known American realist painter | Thomas Eakins |
| term for a system of laws that enforced discrimination | Jim Crow |
| hangings without proper court proceedings | lynchings |
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