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The Early Years
Chapter 6 Section 1 The American Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did both the British and Americans expect the war for independence to be? | Short |
| What was the British plan for the war? | To crush the rebellious colonists by force |
| Define Patriot | American who supported independence |
| What did the Patriots alone expect from the war? | The believed the British would give up after losing one or two major battles |
| Few Patriots believed John Adams when he said..? | "We shall have a long, obstinate, and bloody war to go through" in April 1776 |
| What were all the British advantages? | -Strongest navy -An experienced well-trained army -Wealth of worldwide empire -Britain had much larger population- 9 million versus 2.5 million; 6.5 million difference! |
| What were all the colonists disadvantages? | -Lacked a regular army and a strong navy -Americans lacked military experience and weapons -Ammunition were short in supply -Patriots belonged to militia groups |
| What is a militia group? | local forces |
| Many Patriots belonged to militia groups... Why was this a disadvantage? | They were volunteer soldiers who fought for short periods of time before returning home to tend their farms |
| What was another obstacle that the Patriots faced? | Not all the Americans supported the struggle for independence |
| Define neutral. | Taking neither side in the conflict (i.e. The Quakers would not participate in the war because they opposed all armed conflict) |
| Define Loyalists | American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence. (i.e. They were also known as Tories) |
| How many Americans were Loyalists? | About one in five (i.e. 20% of the Americans) |
| Loyalists strength was strongest where? Weakest? | Strongest: Carolinas and Georgia Weakest: New England |
| Why did Loyalists support Britain? | -They were members of the Anglican Church, headed by British king -Some depended on British for their jobs -They didn't want to challenge the established government -Some simply didn't understand what all the commotion was about |
| What did the issue of independence distribute between normal relations? | Friends and families were divided over loyalty to Britian (i.e. Neighbor against neighbor, father against son; son against father) |
| Who also sided with the Loyalists? Why? | African Americans Start of war, British appealed to enslaved Africans to join them. |
| What did Lord Dunmore announce? Who was he? | Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia announced that slaves who fought on the British side be freed (i.e. Many men answered his call) |
| Eventually, where did some of the African Americans end up? | They ended up free in Canada, and others settled the British colony of Sierra Leone in Africa |
| What were the advantages for the Americans? | -They were fighting on their own ground and fought with great determination to protect it -The Patriots had a much higher stake in winning the war than the mercenaries -George Washington- courage, honesty, determination |
| What were the disadvantages for the British? | -The British had to wage war in a faraway land and were focused to transport soldiers and supplies 3,000 miles across the Atlantic Ocean -The British relied on mercenaries to fight- lower chance of winning |
| Define mercenaries. What did the Americans call them? | Hired soldiers Americans called them Hessians after the region in Germany where most of them lived |
| What did Patriots fight for versus Hessians | Patriots fought for freedom Hessians fought for money |
| What did Americans place great value on? | Liberty and personal freedom |
| After throwing off the rule of the British Parliament, Americans...? | Americans hesitated to transfer power to their own Continental Congress |
| In some ways, what was the American Revolution like? Result? | 13 separate wars, with each state pursuing its own interest. Result: Congress experienced difficulty enlisting soldiers and raising money to fight the war |
| Although the militia played an essential role in the Patriots' force, what did the Americans also need? | Americans also needed a regular army- Well-trained soldiers who could fight anywhere in the colonies |
| What army did the Continental Congress establish? Who did they depend on? | Established Continental Army Depended on the states to recruit soldiers |
| Define recruit | To enlist soldiers in the army |
| How many years did soldiers sign up for? | At first, one year of army service George Washington appealed for longer terms |
| Eventually, the Continental Congress offered enlistments for how long? | Three years (i.e. Length of the war) Most soldiers however signed up for only one year |
| Who also fought with the Patriotic forces? | Women |
Created by:
Sarahhh11
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