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WVSOM -- Genetics
WVSOM -- Differentiation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is differentiation? | the process of transformation into a different cell type |
| What is determination? | when a cell is specified to differentiate into another type |
| What is commitment | the point when a cell must differentiate into another type so that it looses the ability to differentiate into any other cell types |
| When can determination and commitment occur? | before or after differentiation |
| What are differentiated cells? | specialized cells with limited or no ability to transofrm into other cell types |
| What are undifferentiated cells? | cells that have not transformed into a specialized cell type |
| What are specialized cell types? | cells with distinctive morphological characteristics and/or molecular processes. |
| What id dedifferentiation | for a specialized cells to trasnform into a cells specialized cell type |
| What is anaplasia? | dedifferntiation to an embryonic cell type |
| What is metaplasia? | Transformation of one differentiated cell type into another |
| What is neoplasm? | abnormal, new growth |
| What is totipotency | ability to differentiate into any cell type |
| What are examples of totipotency? | germ line, gametes, zygotes and early blastomeres |
| What are pluripotency and multipotency | ability to differentiate into multiple cell types |
| What are examples of pluripotency and multi potency? | hemopoietic cells and fibroblases |
| When is pluripotency used? | for less differentiated cells |
| What are stem, precursor or progentior cells? | cells that differentiate into other cells types |
| What are blastomeres? | early embryonic cells |
| What are blast cells | stem cells from any embryonic stage |
| What is mesenchyme | loosely organized blast cells from all 3 germ layers |
| What is autonomous specialization? | intracellular signals that control differentiation |
| What is intercellular induction? | signals between cells controlling cellular differentiation |
| What are hormones? | non-nutrient molecules secreted by a cell to induce a response in another cell |
| What are growth factors? | hormones that control growth and development |
| What are characteristics of differentiated cells? | Specialized structures and/or features Slow or arrested cell cycle Impaired ability to transform into other cell types |
| Is differentiation an all or nothing process? | no. Some cells are more differentiated than others |
| What is an example of different levels of differentiation? | zygote < hemopoitic cell < leukocyte |
| The more differentiated a cell is, the _________ the ability to regenerate. | lower |
| What are examples of differentiated cells that have virtually no ability to regenerate and why? | nerve and muscle because they are SO specialized they can't be regenerated |
| What are examples of differentiated cells that are able to regenerate and why? | skin and liver because they are not highly specialized. |
Created by:
tjamrose
Popular Genetics sets