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Chapter 11 I & D
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mecca | Islamic holy city. |
| Bedouins | They're a part of a desert-dwelling Arabian ethnic group. |
| Kaaba | Cube in arabic, is the sacred building in the middle of a great mosque in Saudi Arabia. |
| Khadija | First wife of Muhammad, she was the first to convert to Islam. |
| Quran | The Islamic "Bible". |
| People of the Book | Other Religions, such as Judaism and Christianity. |
| Sharia | Moral code and religious law of prophetic religion. |
| Oasis | Fertile area in a desert, watered by a natural well or spring. |
| Hijra | They journey Muhammad and his follwers made from Mecca for Yathrib. |
| Monotheistic | The belief in one God. |
| Mosque | Islam house of worship. |
| Hajj | A religious trip to Mecca. |
| Jihad | The effort in God's services. |
| Abu Bakr | Muhammad's first caliph. |
| Battle of Tours | The battle at Tours, France, which pushed the muslims out of Europe. |
| Fatima and Ali | The daughter and son-in-law of Muhammad. |
| Sufi | Were another tradition of muslims, which fasted and meditated. |
| Umayyads | A dynasty that reigned until 750, where they were overthrown. |
| Abbassids | A dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads. They ended Arab dominance and made Islam a universal religion. |
| Harun al-Rashid | A very wealthy Caliph. He was extremely generous and very helpful. |
| Seljuks | They were Turks who migrated into the Middle East from Central Asia. They adopted Islam and built a large empire across the fertile crescent. |
| Tamerlane | A muslim Mongol leader, who took muslim and non-muslim lands. |
| Caliph | A succesor to Muhammad. |
| Minaret | The slender towers on a mosque. |
| Muezzin | A cryer who climbs to the top of the minaret and calls people to prayer. |
| Sultan | Authoratized wealthy person. |
| Omar Khayyam | A muslim scholar and astronomer. |
| Averroes | He was first interested in every subject and profession. But he is best know for being a muslim philosopher. |
| Muhammad al-Razi | Was one of the most original medical thinkers. |
| Avicenna | A Persian physician who wrote the Canon of Medicine, an encyclopedia about all medical practices. |
| Social Mobility | The ability to move up in social class |
| Arabesque | An intricate design composed of curved lines that suggest floral shapes. |
| Calligraphy | Beautiful handwriting. |
| Sikhism | The religion taught by Nanock, which was a blending of Islam and Hindu. The people of the religion later turned into a military, which clashed with Mughal rulers. |
| Babur | A Mongol invader who was a military genius, poet and author. |
| Mughal | The Persian word for Mongol. |
| Nur Jahan | The daughter-in-law of Akbar the Great |
| Taj Mahal | A mausoleum made for Shah Jahan's wife, Mumtaz Mahal. |
| Sultanate | Land ruled by a sultan. |
| Caste | Social groups from which they could not change. |
| Rajah | Local Hindu rulers. |
| Sinan | A janizary military engineer, who created many mosques and palaces. |
| Isfahan | A magnificent capital of the Safavid Empire. |
| Millet | Religious communities. |
| Janizary | The elite force of the Ottoman army. |
| Shah | A king. |
Created by:
schmidt55
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