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Chapter 11
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mecca | a bustling market town at the crossroads of two main caravan routes |
| Bedouins | form the backbone of the armies that conquered a huge empire in the 600s and 700s traded with other Arabs who had settled in oasis towns. |
| Kaaba | an ancient shrine that Muslims today believe was built by the prophet Abraham |
| Khadija | a wealthy widow who ran a prosperous caravan business. |
| Quran | sacred text of Islam |
| People of the Book | Jews and Christians |
| Sharia | Islamic system of Law |
| Oasis | fertile area in a desert, watered by a natural well or spring |
| Hijra | Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 |
| Monotheistic | believing in one God |
| Mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| Hajj | one of the five pillars of Islam, the pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are expected to make at least once in their lifetime. |
| Jihad | in Islam, an effort in God's service |
| Abu Bakr | The first successor to Muhammad or called caliph |
| Battle of tours | crossed straight of Gibraltar into spain and pushed north into france. Defeated there at battle of Tours. |
| Fatima and Ali | Muhammad's daughter and son-in-law |
| Sufi | A third tradition in Islam, spreaded Islam through missionary work |
| Umayyads | they had to adapt from desert life to ruling large cities and huge territories to govern their empire the often relied on local officials. |
| Abbassids | ended Arab dominance and helped make Islam a truly universal religion |
| Harun al-Rashid | ruled from 786-809, was admired as a model ruler and viewed as a symbol of wealth and splendor |
| Selijuks | migrated into the Middle east from Central Asia |
| Tamerlane | Mongol leader Timur the Lame |
| Caliph | Successor to Muhammad |
| Minaret | slender tower of a mosque |
| Muezzin | mosque official who climbs to the top of a minaret to call the faithful to prayer |
| Sultan | Muslim ruler |
| Omar Khayyam | Muslim poet, Mathematician, and astronomer, wrote the Rubaiyat |
| Avveroes | |
| Muhammad al-Razi | the head physician of Baghdad's chief hospital, wrote many books including on measles and small pox, challenged and accepted medical practices |
| Avicenna | great Muslim physician, philosopher and mathematician |
| Social Mobility | ability to move up in a class |
| Arabesque | intricate design made up of curbed lines that suggest floral shapes, used to decorate rugs, textiles, and glassware |
| Caligraphy | fancy or stylized handwriting |
| Sikhism | blend of Islam (one god) and Hinduism (many gods) |
| Babur | Founder of Mughal dynasty in India, descended from Turkic warriors |
| Mughal | Persian word for Mongol |
| Nur Jahan | the wife of Jahangir who did most of the ruling, most powerful ruler in Indian History |
| Taj Mahal | created a strong government |
| Sultanate | land ruled by a sultan |
| Caste | in traditional Indian society, unchangeable social group into which a person is born |
| Rajah | elected warrior chief of an Aryan tribe in ancient India local Hindu ruler in India |
| Sinan | royal architect, a janizary military engineer, designed hundreds of mosques and palaces |
| Isfahan | |
| Millet | in the ottoman empire a religious community of non Muslims |
| Janizary | Elite force of the ottoman army |
| Shah | King |
Created by:
crystal345
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