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JH--Union in Crisis
JAHKMLHS--C10 The Union in Crisis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Millard Fillmore | This vice-president who became President when the “hero of Buena Vista” died signed into law the five acts which Henry Clay proposed in order to keep the peace between North and South when California applied for statehood. |
| Compromise of 1850 | This series of resolutions which Henry Clay proposed in order to keep the peace between North and South when California applied for statehood actually caused more anger. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | This law which made assisting runaway slaves a federal crime refocused the nation on slavery and probably made more people abolitionists who before had been relatively ambivalent toward slavery. |
| popular sovereignty | This philosophy which was championed by a man nicknamed “The Little Giant” suggested that instead of Congress passing an outright ban on slavery in territories the people who would inhabit the territory should make the final determination. |
| Free Soil Party | Formed in 1848 this political party’s main plank was to keep slavery out of the Western territories. |
| Republican Party | This political party, born either in Ripon, Wisconsin, or in Jackson, Michigan, arose after the Kansas-Nebraska Act. |
| Stephen Douglas | This politician proposed that the slavery question in new territories should be settled by popular sovereignty in order to get Southerners on his side. |
| nativist | This type of person who believes that immigrants pose a threat to his culture, language, job, pay-scale, or moral values is opposed to immigrants. |
| Ostend Manifesto | This document which strongly suggested that the United States should take Cuba by force if Spain refused to sell was applauded by Southerners but was vigorously denounced by the free-soil press as a plot to extend slavery. |
| Matthew Perry | In 1853, naval officer was sent by President Pierce to force Japan to open trade with U.S. |
| The Impending Crisis of the South | This book written by a Southerner attempted to show through various statistics that slavery was actually harming the Southern economy. |
| David Wilmot | On August 8, 1846, this new Representative from Pennsylvania proposed an amendment to an appropriations bill for the Mexican War which in effect would have banned any slavery in the land acquired from Mexico after the war. |
| secede | This term suggests a breaking away from the Union. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | This law, passed in 1854, caused North and South to compete to settle the territory and led to guerrilla warfare between pro- and antislavery settlers. |
| Personal liberty laws | These laws were actually a series of acts passed by many Northern states which prohibited state officials from assisting anyone pursuing runaway slaves. |
| Hinton Rowan Helper | Although from North Carolina, this man wrote a book that used a plenty of “boring” statistics to illustrate the negative effects of slavery on Southern white workers and farmers. |
| William Lloyd Garrison | On January 1st, 1831, This abolitionist published the first edition of The Liberator triggering a 30-year war of words and in a sense firing one of the first shots of the Civil War. |
| Elijah Lovejoy | This man’s printing presses were stolen three times by proslavery groups in Alton, Illinois. Finally, in order to silence his abolition newspaper, the proslavery men killed me. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Although this author had never actually seen slavery in action, she wrote a story about the evils of slavery that became a best seller in the 1850's. |
| Harriet Tubman | This woman was known as the “Black Moses” because she led many of her people out of slavery. |
| Lawrence | This city in Kansas was attacked by a pro-slavery posse which destroyed two antislavery newspaper offices and burned the Free State Hotel. |
| Charles Sumner | This Senator was “caned” while finishing up some work at his desk in a nearly empty Senate chamber. |
| Lecompton Constitution | This official document written by pro-slavery elements in the territory would have protected all property in slaves and would have banned any free blacks from the state. |
| John Brown | This man attempted to lead a slave uprising but was wounded and captured at Harper’s Ferry after an abortive attempt to arouse the slaves. |
| Preston Brooks | On May 22, 1856, this Representative “caned” a Senator because of a speech in which the Senator had criticized President Franklin Pierce and Southerners who sympathized with the pro-slavery violence in Kansas and this man’s uncle. |
| guerrilla war | This type of fighting includes sabotage, ambush, hit-and-run tactics, and other kinds of surprise attacks. |
| 36º30' | According to the Missouri Compromise (1820), this latitude which was the northern most boundary of slavery in the Louisiana territory was nullified by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. |
| Abraham Lincoln | This “rail splitter,” who seemingly came out of nowhere to win the 1860 Republican Party Presidential nomination, ran a campaign in the North which was marked by “Wide-Awake” clubs that marched in parades carrying torches mounted on fence rails. |
| Beecher’s Bibles | This nickname was given to rifles with which antislavery emigrants to Kansas were equipped. |
| Pottawatomie Massacre | This act of revenge resulted in five pro-slavery men being dragged from their cabins and literally hacked to death. |
| Roger B. Taney | This chief justice of the Supreme Court, a Southerner who had freed his slaves, wrote the majority opinion in which he cited the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution as a reason why banning slavery north of 36º 30’ was unconstitutional. |
| John C. Fremont | This Presidential candidate for the Republican Party in 1856 became the first presidential candidate for the new Republican Party. |
| platform | This series of statements (planks), that specify the beliefs of a political party, is usually hammered together at a nominating convention before the party’s presidential candidate is selected. |
| Scott v. Sandford | This case in the Supreme Court ruling that a black man was not a citizen and therefore could not sue in federal court. |
| Harper’s Ferry | This sleepy little town nestled between two high hills became the site of an attempt was made to begin a slave uprising. The federal arsenal was taken over by a gang of armed men who became trapped in the engine house. |
| John C Breckinridge | This man was nominated by the Southern Democrats in 1860 to be their Presidential candidate when the Democratic party split over the issue of protecting the institution of slavery, as well as the spread of slavery into the territories. |
| Dred Scott | This slave whose master had taken him into the free state of Illinois for a period of time believed that he should be a free man since Illinois had abolished slavery. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court where his claim was denied. |
| William Seward | This leading nominee for President for the Republican party in the 1860 election became a liability because he voted against any compromise on slavery and fiercely attacked the institution of slavery. |
| Freeport Doctrine | Stephen Douglas' belief that slavery could legally be barred from the territories if the territorial legislatures simply refused to enact the type of police regulations necessary to make slavery work. |
| John Bell | In the 1860 election this man was the candidate of the “Know-Nothings” and the moderate Southern Democrats. |
| Peace Convention | At this meeting held at the Willard Hotel delegates proposed that slavery in the territories, be addressed simply by extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific coast with no provision for newly acquired territory. |
| Crittenden Compromise | This proposal by a Senator from Kentucky called for a series of irrevocable amendments to the Constitution to deal with slavery questions. |
| Jefferson Davis | Although this man would have preferred to stay at my plantation in Mississippi or to be chosen to lead the armies of the South, he was elected to be the President of the Southern states. |
| Confederate States of America | This name was chosen by the delegates of the seven seceding states as the name of the new nation created by the secession. |
| Peace Convention | This meeting, called by Virginia on January 19, 1861, by the non-seceding states was an attempt to avert war by finding a compromise that would permit the restoration of the Union. |
| Fort Sumter | This military installation was fired on by Confederate forces and in effect became the spark that set off the Civil War. |
| James Buchanan | This President saw seven of the southern states secede. |
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jim.haferman
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