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Unit 7 Vocab US-1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Soviet Union | Name of Russia during the time it is communist |
| Communism | economic and political system where all businesses and land are owned by the government for the good of the people, no private property |
| Totalitarianism | government controls every aspect of life, socially and politically, through the use of propaganda and secret police, eliminating freedom of speech |
| Joseph Stalin | leader of the Soviet Union during WWII |
| Adolf Hitler | ruler of Nazi Germany during WWII |
| Benito Mussolini | ruler of Italy during WWII |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | president of the USA during WWII |
| Harry Truman | president of the USA at the end of WWII and responsible for dropping the atomic bomb |
| Winston Churchill | prime minister of Great Britain during WWII |
| Hideki Tojo | military general and leader of Japan during WWII |
| Hirohito | emperor of Japan during WWII, little power |
| Axis Powers | Germany, Italy, Japan |
| Allied Powers | USA, Great Britain, France, USSR |
| Nazi-Soviet Pact | non-aggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union agreeing not to attack each other as Germany expands into Eastern Europe, will be broken when Hitler invades the Soviet Union |
| Appeasement | giving into an aggressive power to avoid war, policy Europe takes with Germany at first |
| Munich Pact | Hitler promises not to invade all of Czechoslovakia but quickly breaks this, leaving Great Britain and France to admit appeasement has not worked |
| Invasion of Poland | Causes Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany in 1939, beginning WWII |
| Blitzkrieg | German military strategy using quick surprise attacks by plane, overwhelming the enemy |
| Battle of Britain | German blitz attack on Britain that is unsuccessful causing Hitler to decide to invade the Soviet Union instead |
| Invasion of Manchuria | Japan invades Manchuria, China in 1931 to begin creating a sphere of domination in the Pacific |
| Neutrality Acts | Says US will not sell arms or loan money to countries at war, result of fears after WWI |
| Destroyers for Bases Deal | USA agrees to build and give army destroyers to Britain in exchange for Caribbean military bases |
| Lend-Lease Act | lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to US safety |
| Atlantic Charter | Churchill and FDR secretly meet and agree to lend arms to those fighting for freedom |
| Embargo | refusal to trade with another country, in this case the US refusing to trade with Japan |
| Bombing of Pearl Harbor | Japan, upset over its embargo, surprise attacks USA at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, leading US into WWII on December 7, 1941 |
| Rationing | Government regulating the amount of food and other resources people can have to ensure there are plenty for the war effort |
| War Bonds | loaning money to the Federal Government who will then pay you back with interest, ensuring the government has the money to fund the war |
| Internment Camps | used by the United States to relocate Japanese Americans after fear they would be loyal to Japan not the US after Pearl Harbor |
| Invasion of Northern Africa | first place the USA and Great Britain begin a ground attack, upsetting the Soviet Union who needed another European front to alleviate pressure on their country fighting Germany |
| D-Day | Allied forces successfully invade France at the beaches of Normandy, June 6, 1944, finally opening up another European front against Germany |
| Battle of the Bulge | Germany’s last offensive move before being pushed into surrendering in April 1945 |
| Island Hopping | USA military tactic in the Pacific where the USA went from island to island retaking Japanese controlled lands in order to get close enough to stage and invasion of Japan |
| Battle of Midway | Turing point in the war against Japan in 1942, forcing Japan from that point to be on the defensive |
| Kamikaze | Japanese pilots who would do suicide missions rather than surrender, showing the United States that an invasion of Japan would result in many US casualties |
| Yalta Conference | decision made by Stalin to help the allies in the war in the Pacific and created The United Nations |
| United Nations | international peace keeping organization replacing the League of Nations with 5 permanent members who have veto power |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Japanese cities hit by the atomic bomb in 1945, forcing the surrender of Japan and the end of WWII |
| Nuremberg Trials | Axis powers were tried for crimes against humanity showing that the military can be held responsible for their actions whether or not they were “ordered” |
| Israel | country created after WWII as a homeland for the Jewish people due to the atrocities they faced during the Holocaust |
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