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Government
Social Studies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Articles of Confederation | first organized constitution of independent America and articles had to be approved by all 15 states |
| Components of the Articles of Confederation | The Government under the Articles had one branch- a one-house legislature called congress.There was no executive or national courts. All states were equal. Each state had a single vote. Nine states had to agree before a law could go into effect. |
| states | had most of the power under the Articles of Confederation |
| Economis Problems (2 economic problems under the Articles ) | 1. each state had their own trade policy. 2. the central government didnt have the power to tax |
| Foreign Affairs | Problems with the British- the british continued to occupy forts in the Northwest Territory. Problems with the Spainish- the spainish refused to let Americans ship products down the Mississippi River. |
| Independence Hall | site of the constitutional convention |
| James Maitkon | known as the Father of the Constitution because of the careful notes he took at the constitutional Convention. He was the main author of the Virgina Plan |
| Virgina Plan | this plan included a strong executive; 3 separate branches (Legislative with a bicameral house of Congress, Executive with an elected President, & Judicial); representation in the legislative branch would be based on population |
| New Jersey Plan | -single house of congress -equal representation for each state -expansion of congress powers t raise money and commerce |
| Great Compromise | -blending of the Virgina & New Jersey Plans that set up a two-housr legislature -representation in the House of Representatives would be based on population and each state would have equal representation in the senate |
| 3/5 Compromise | the compromise made each enslaved person count as 3/5 of a person |
| Federalists | proposed strong central government |
| Federalists Paper | a series of 85 essays written byAlexander Hamiton, James Madison, and John Jay in the late 1700s to persuade the voters of New York toadopt the Constitution |
| Anti-federalist | a member or supporter of the Antifederal Party |
| James Madison | considered the Father of the Bill of Rights |
| Reasons Anti-Federalists did not support the Constitution | threatened Antifederalists traditional belief in the importance of restraining government power |
| U.S. Constitution | Where?- Independence Hall, Philadelphia When was it signed?- September 17,1787 aka Constitution Day When was it ratified?- June 21,1788 |
| 7 Principles of the Constitution | Popular Sovereignty,Limited Government,Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances,Federalism,Republicanism, and Individual Rights |
| Popular Sovereignty (Principle of the Constitution) | the government gets its authority from the people |
| Limited Government (Principle of the Constitution) | the government has only the powers that the const itution gives it |
| Separation of Powers (Principle of the Constitution) | each branch has own duties |
| Checks and Balances (Principle of the Constitution) | each branch of government has the power to check |
| Federalism (Principle of the Constitution) | division of power between the federal government and the states |
| Republicanism (Principle of the Constitution) | citizens elect representatives to carry out their will |
| Individual Rights (Principle of the Constitution) | protects individual rights |
| Legislative Branch | this branch creates the nations laws |
| Senate | Houses of Congress based on equal representation # of members- 100 people # of year term- 6 years Current NC members- Kay Hagon(D), Richard Burr(R) 3 basic requirements- 30 years, citizen for 7 years,resident of state |
| House of Representatives | House of Congress based on population # of year term- 2 years Basic requirements- 25 years, citizen for 7 years, resident or state |
| How a Bill Becomes a Law | 1. Introduced to either House or Senate 2. Committee Action 3.Floor Action 4.Enactment into a Law |
| Executive Branch | Carries out the laws and run the affairs of the national government |
| Requirements for Presidential Office | natural born citizen,2 term limit, minimum of 35 years old, lived in the county for at least 14 years |
| Presidential duties | need of executive branch,propose/sign/veto bills,commander in cheif of armed foces, negotiate foreign treaties,appoint federal judges, ambassadors,and other high officials, grant pardons to federal offenders, and elected through Electoral College |
| Electoral College | citizens vote for a group of electors who are pledged to the candidate |
| Structure and duties of the Judicial Branch | interprets the law, court system consists of Lower courts/ district court, appellate court and the supreme courts. |
| Structure and duties of the U.S. Supreme Court | interprets the constitution, hears the cases that have ben tired and appealed in lower federal an state courts |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the U.S. constitution protect the rights of Americans. |
| 1st Amendment | guarantees freedom of religion,speech,the press,assembly, and petition |
| 2nd Amendment | protects the right to bear arms, which means the right to own a gun |
| 3rd Amendment | connot be forced to house or quarter soliders |
| 4th Amendment | protects the people from unreasonable searches and seizures |
| 5th Amendment | protects people from being held for committing a crime unless they are properly indicted (accused) |
| 6th Amendment | guarantees a speedy trial you cant be kept in jail for over a year without a trial |
| 7th Amendment | guarantees the right to a speedy evil trial |
| 8th Amendment | guarantees that punishments will be fairand not cruel,and that extraordinarily large fines will not be set |
| 9th Amendment | all rights not stated in the constitution and not forbidden by the constitution belong to the people |
| 10th Amendment | states that any power not granted to the federal government belongs to the states to the people |
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catybug0918
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