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Sociology
Sociology Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Achieved status | a social position that is within our power to change |
| Agrarian society | most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society |
| Agricultural society | a society that uses plows and drafts animals in growing food |
| Ascribed status | a social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics |
| Gemeinschaft | a close-knit community, often found in rural ares, in which strong personal bond unite members |
| Gesellschaft | a community, often urban, that is large and impersonal with little commitment to the group or concsensus on values |
| group | any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis |
| Horticultural society | a preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops |
| Hunting and Gathering society | a preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibers are available in order to survive |
| Industrial society | depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services |
| Master status | a status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position in society |
| Mechanical solidarity | social cohesion based on shared experiences, knowledge and skills in which things function more or less the way they always have, with minimal change |
| mechanization | the process of replacing animal and human power with machine |
| obligation | a behaviro that individuals are expected to perform toward other |
| Organic solidarity | a collective consciousness that ress on mutual interdependence, characteristic of societies with a complex division of labor |
| Organtic solidarity | a type of social unity in which members interdependence is based on specialized functions and statuses |
| Pastoral society | a society in which food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals |
| Postindustrial society | whose economic system is engaged primarily in the processing and control of information |
| right | a behavior that individuals can expect from others |
| role | an expected behavior associated with a particular status |
| Role conflict | the situation that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person |
| role performance | the actual behavior of an individual in a role |
| Role strain | the difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations |
| Social interaction | the ways in which people respond to one another |
| Social Role | a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status |
| social solidarity | the degree to which a scoiety is unified |
| Social structure | the way in which a scoiety is organized into predictable relationships |
| society | people living within a defined territorial borders and sharing a common cluture |
| status | a term used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group in society |
| status set | all of the statuses that a person occupies at any particular time |
| urbanization | the shifting of population from farms and villages to large cities |
Created by:
halvy
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