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Genetics unit 4
Unit 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | Molecule that stores genetic material |
| Pedigree | A charge with phenotypes and genotypes use Chiterm and who in the family is a carrier for a recessive allele |
| Somatic cell | Body cell, makes up all tissues organs and muscles |
| Phenotype | Collection of an organisms physical characteristics, what you see |
| Protein | Polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| Transgenic organisms | Organism whose genome has been altered to contain two or more genes from another organism |
| Monohybrid cross | cross or meeting between organisms that involves only one pair of contrasting traits |
| Gamete | Sex cell (egg/sperm) |
| RNA | A copy of one gene strand of DNA aids and replication |
| Carrier | Organism who carries a certain allele |
| Allele | Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on the homes on |
| Ribosome | Organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins |
| Translation | Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced |
| Clone | genetically identical copy of a single gene or an entire organism |
| Meiosis | Form of nuclear division of a diploid cell into haploid cells, sexual reproduction |
| Dominant | Allele, always expressed when present |
| Incomplete dominance | Heterozygotes phenotype blend of two homozygous genes/traits |
| Sex chromosome | Chromosomes that directly control sexual development |
| Double helix | Model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, two strands |
| Nucleotide | Monomer the forms DNA and has a phosphate group, sugar and a nitrogen containing base |
| Replication | The process in which DNA reproduces |
| Autosome | Chromosome that contains jeans for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism |
| Karyotype | Image of all the chromosomes in a cell |
| M. RNA | Carries genetic info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it becomes a template for protein synthesis or translation |
| T. RNA | Brings amino acids to the ribosome |
| Codominance | Heterozygotes genotype that equally expresses the traits from both alleles |
| Codon | Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid |
| Genetics | Study of heredity patterns and variation of organisms |
| Diploid | Sell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from each gamete |
| Zygote | Sell that forms when a male gametes fertilizes a female gametes |
| Heterozygous | Characteristic of having two different alleles |
| Homozygous | Characteristic of having two of the same alleles |
| Gene | Specific region of DNA that codes for particular protein |
| Amino acid | Molecule that makes up protein |
| Punnett square | Model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross or mateing |
| Monohybrid cross | Cross or mating between an organism that involves only one pair of contrasting traits |
| Transcription | Process of copying the nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of M.RNA |
| Haploid | Sell that has only one copy of each chromosome |
| Recessive | And allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organisms gene type, ex: rr |
| Genotype | Collection of all an organism's genetic info that codes for treats, the letters |
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18verheb
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