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Plan Making
AICP Exam Prep HCC - Plan Making and Implementation 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is visioning? | public participation technique - typically carried out in beginning of process |
| What are the steps of visioning? | 1) develop goals & objectives (themes), 2) themes compiled to form "vision statement" |
| What is needed for effective visioning? | 1) representative sample of community, 2) impartial leader to facilitate, 3) projections/illustrations to show implications |
| 12-Step Visioning Process | 1) get started, 2) 1st community workshop, 3) establish taskforce, 4) 2nd workshop, 5) keep on track, 6) 3rd workshop, 7) draft vision statement, 8) 4th workshop, 9) market/make vision reality, 10) action plan, 11) annual progress report, 12) adoption |
| Goal Setting Components (3) | 1) public participation, 2) goals & objectives, 3) tests of measurements for progress |
| Goal Setting Component 1 - Public Participation | public must be engaged, problems must be defined, continued public involvement, open and transparent process |
| What is a goal? | desired outcome of process, requires well defined problems, includes measurable objectives |
| What is an objective? | expressed in specific terms and can be measured, supports achievement of goals, single purpose |
| What is a policy? | general rule outlining how goals & objectives should be realized |
| Measurement for Progress Tests | must revisited periodically to evaluate continued relevancy/still on target, progress measured through accomplishment of supporting objectives, tie goals to community activity (development) or budget line item (capital expense) |
| What is Qualitative Data? | cannot be expressed numerically (opinions, perceptions, perspectives), analyze by looking for trends, based on feedback from focus groups and surveys |
| Focus Groups - Small Number of Participants/Simple Topic | (+)people have plenty of time to talk, (-)conversation may get thin, (-)1 or 2 people may dominate conversation |
| Focus Groups - Small Number of Participants/Complex Topic | (+)fewer people allow more time to talk, (-)conversation may get thin, (-)1 or 2 people may dominate conversation |
| Focus Groups - Large Number of Participants/Simple Topic | (+)more people talking, (-)people may not want to talk in front of a large group of people |
| Focus Groups - Large Number of Participants/Complex Topic | (+)more people talking, (-)may lose people, (-)not enough time to talk, (-)people may not want to talk in front of a large group of people |
| Discrete Data | separate, whole unit, no fractions (Ex. building has 10 rooms) |
| Nominal (Categorical) Data | grouped by arbitrary names, numbers, or symbols (Ex. on a survey, you may give a "yes" a 1 and a "no" a 0) |
| Continuous Data | taken along a scale that could be subdivided (thermometer) |
| Ordinal/Ranking Scale | named categories are organized in terms of some relationship they have to each other (Ex. lower, middle, upper class) |
| Interval Scale | distance between categories are purely arbitrary but have meaning - always has a true zero point (Ex. Celsius temperature) |
| Ratio Scale | ratio between two intervals is established and is independent of the unit of measurement and the zero point - often used to measure cost of one project relative to another |
| Floor Area Ratio (FAR) | most commonly used ratio scale - FAR=total floor area/total lot area |
| Descriptive Statistics | concerned with organizing and summarizing data |
| Inferential Statistics | large volumes of numbers out of which generalizations must be made in order to formulate policy recommendations |
| Mean | Average |
| Median | value that divides a group equally into two parts |
| Mode | value with the highest frequency |
| Range | difference between largest and smallest values |
| Variance | variation between values |
| Sampling | means of making statements about a population based on information from only a part of the population - quality of inferences depends on how well sample represents total population |
| Random Sampling | process of giving each subject in population an equal chance of being selected |
| Stratified Sampling | pre-select sample based on certain qualifications |
| Cohort Survival | population projection - detailed, very accurate for short term projections, population divided into 5 year age groups called cohort, each cohort is survived into the future until target year is reached-good for large area projections (states) |
| Ratio/Step Down Methods | if neighborhood studied has 10% of metro population at time of last census, estimate of current population will be 10% of current metro total - good for small areas |
| Extrapolation Method | bases growth on observed growth trends |
| Symptomatic Method | changed in related, obtainable data are predictive of changes in population as a whole (building permits, school enrollment, new electric meters, dwelling unit counts, voter registration) |
| Shift Share Analysis | evaluates strengths and weaknesses of a region's industries |
| What does Shift Share Analysis Examine? | 3 components of regional employment growth between two periods of time: 1)national growth, 2)industry mix, 3)competitiveness - 3 are summed for total change in employment of industry |
| What does Shift Share Analysis Show? | 1)study area's share of national (or regional) growth, 2) mix change in activities, 3)shift change of activities toward study area |
| Location Quotient | ratio of proportion of local employment in one sector to similar proportion in national economy - based on historic data - used to identify degree of self-sufficiency in an employment sector |
| Location Quotient > 1 | employment in local industry is greater than employment in larger region and product is EXPORTED - BASE industry |
| Location Quotient < 1 | local industry is not meeting local demand |
| Location Quotient = 1 | local industry is sufficient to meet local demand |
| Why are Demographics Important? | school districts, community service providers, federal/state funding |
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