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History test 9-11
chapter 9-11 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1st christian of record, martyered for his faith, stoned to death | Stephan |
| son of Zebedee, 1st apostle to meet a martyrs death, captured during reign of Herod Agrippa (beheaded) | James |
| preached in Asia, killed by Idol worshiping priest | philip |
| tax collector before christ's call; arrested in Ethiopia,nailed to ground and beheaded | Matthew |
| head of Church in Jerusalem, arrested under ananious, brought to top of temple, pushed off, broke legs, prayed for persecutors, clubbed his head | james the Less |
| replacement for Judas, sent to Ethiopia to preach, beheaded | Matthias |
| led wife of roman gov. to Lord, crucified on x shaped cross and preached to passer-bys for 3 days, | Andrew |
| arrested during 8 yrs of Nero, passover, hooked and dragged through city | Mark |
| crucified upside down | peter |
| beheaded during time of nero | Paul |
| Killed in persia, crucified | Jude |
| arrested by armenian king, beaten with rods, crucified upside down, filleted alive, beheaded withax | Bartholomew |
| arrested in india, tortured with red hot plates, cast in furnace but didn't burn, speared through in mouth of furnace | Thomas (doubting) |
| died in greece, 84 yrs old, hanged from olive tree | Luke |
| exiled on Isle of Patmos, died of natural causes, poisoned, caldron of boiling oil,wrote Revelation | John |
| canon of scripture completed, all 27 books of NT had been written | AD 100 |
| Said "blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church" | Tertullian |
| 1st Persecution (burns rome, kills peter and paul) | Nero |
| 2nd Persecution (saw himself as God, exiled john to patmos) | Domitian |
| vast galleries beneath city of Rome that hid many Christians | catacombs |
| 3rd persecution | Trajan |
| Under him profession of Christianity became a capital crime | Trajan |
| martyrs under Trajan: -Now I can begin to be a disciple -Roman soldier wouldn't partake in pagan soldier rituals -burned at stake, wouldn't burn so stabbed to death, blood put out fire | Ignatius Eustachius Plycarp |
| 4th persecution | Marcus Aurelius |
| Martyrs under Marcus Aurelius: -scourged and beheaded -tortured, " I am a christian, among us no evil is done. | Justin Martyer Blandina |
| 5th Persecution | Septimius Severus |
| 2 martyrs under Septimius Severus | Irenaeus Perpetua and Felicitas |
| 6th persecution (2yrs severe) | Maximinus Thrax |
| 7th Persecution | Decius |
| required all inhabitants of empire to sacrifice to ancient gods and obtain certificates from roman gov. verifying that they had made the required sacrifice | Decius |
| martyrs under Decius: -boyfriend saves her, gets captured, she turns herself in and they both die -stretched in stack, christian philosopher from alexandria, mutilated and died later | Theodora Origen |
| 8th persecution (captured later by Persian and used as footstool) martyr cyprian | Valerian |
| 9th persecution | Aurelian |
| 10th Persecution (worst) | Diocletion and co emperor Maximian |
| outlawed Christianity,killed Thebian Legion in Gaul after they wouldn't kill Christians | Diocletion |
| issued the ? AD 313 that extended legal protection and recognition to Christians throughout empire | Constantine Edit of Milan |
| ante nicene fathers | ignatius, polycarp, papias |
| Phil 4:3 commended by Apostle Paul | clement of Rome |
| those who attempted to reasonably defend Christianity against pagan defamation | apologists |
| greatest of apologists, presented to Antonius Pius, one other one | Justin Martyr, Aristides |
| wrote ? - the 1st harmony of the Gospels, proving superiority of Christianity over greek philosophy | Tatian Address to the Greeks |
| wrote "Against All Heresies" to go against Gnosticism | Irenaeus |
| contended against monarchianism (denied doc. of trinity) 1st to use term "trinity" | Tertullian |
| wrote 1st book of systematic theology in early church | Origen |
| Arian controversy (denied deity of Christ) Athanasian creed-addresses that Christ is God | Athanasius |
| completed common bible in peoples own tongue, latin vulgate | Jerome |
| greatest of church fathers, wrote Confessions (biography, and ? - the 1st systematic Christian philosophy of history | Augustine of hippo, City of God |
| Means I believe in Latin | Creed |
| under him, Christianity became the only legal faith, state religion of Roman Empire | Theodosius I |
| Importance of the Byzantine Empire | 1. time capsule 2. stopped Islam 3. Fell from neglect |
| divided Roman empire | Diocletian |
| converts to christian and movies capital to new rome | Constantine |
| time, permanent division under Theodosius | 395 |
| takes empire to initial glory | Justinian 1 |
| new capital (constantinouple) moved rome to byzantius by ? and named it new rome | Constantine |
| 1st great leader of the byzantine Empire, restores Roman glory to empire greatest achievement ? | Justinian Roman Law -Justinian code |
| most magnificent church building of early middle ages and greatest achievement of byzantine architecture | Cathedral of Hagia Sophia |
| Justinian's gifted general | Belisarius |
| iconoclastic emperor(Iconoclastic controversy-image destroyer). beats back Arabs(Islam) great general responsible for saving Constantinople during the second siege | Leo III |
| a byzantine invention similar to a flamethrower | greek fire |
| abstract, simplified image or picture of Christ, mary or saint | Icon |
| led a restoration of Byzantium's power, pushed back muslims to asia minor | Basil I |
| conquered the Bulgar(slayer), Byzantine empire was at its greatest height since Justinian the great | Basil II |
| 1071- won major victory over byzantines at battle of manzikert | Seljuk Turks |
| 1204 Venetian's sack Constantinople | Fourth Crusade |
| the conqueror who defeats Constantinople, Fall of the Byzantine Empire, May 29, 1453 | Mohammed II |
| Last emperor of Byzantine | Constantine XI |
| Contributions of Byzantines | Roman Law, Paintings and Mosaics, greek orthodox church |
| Apostle to slavs, made the ? | Cyril, Cyrillic Alphabet |
| greatest contrib. preservation of the Greek new Test. | Byzantine text |
| declared that every church must agree with the church of Rome | Irenaeus |
| Irenaeus and other church leaders try to justify ground mastery of bishops over churches with this idea; Christ appoints apostles, apostles appoint biships successors appoint successors | Apostolic succession |
| Peter is 1st pope, founded church of Rome, (pope-latin for papa or father) | Petrine theory |
| Valentinian 3rd officially recognized him as supreme over the Roman Church, turned back Attila the Hun | Leo I |
| Issued doctrine of ? -separating civil and ecclesiastical authority and making the pope an the bishops supreme over all human rulers relating to God. | Pope Gelasius I two swords |
| 1st medieval pope | Gregory I |
| The idea that bread and wine is the real body of Christ in the hands of the priest | transubstantiation |
| means means of grace | sacraments |
| name for a roman church service | mass |
| withdrawing from society to live in solitude | monasticism |
| earliest monks living in wilderness in complete solitude | hermits |
| religious communities isolated form the rest of society | Monasteries |
| lived like other monks except that they preached and did missionary work outside the monasteries, 2 orders- the Franciscans and Dominicans | Friers |
| 1st great Frankish military and political, 498, loses battle of Tolbiac and professed his conversion to Christianity | Clovis |
| Do nothing kings, Clovis's descendents of rulers | Merovingian |
| chief official of the royal household, had the real ruling power | mayor of the palace |
| " the hammer" most famous mayor the palace, halted muslim (moors) invasion of Europe at 732 Battle of Tours, victories prevented weastern europe from being swallowed up in a muslim empire | Charles Martel |
| king of franks, starting Carolingian line of Frankish kings, Church went from legitimizing ruler to choosing one, fights Lombards, donation of papal states - giving land to church | Pepin the Short |
| defeats saxons, christmas day AD 800- became Charles Augustus, emperor of the Romans (church is now making emperors) | Charlemagne |
| means the kings envoys, judges | Missi dominici |
| became basis for modern handwriting styles as well as the roman typeface | Carolingian miniscule |
| after the death of Louis the Pious (Charlemagne's son, 843 - ? sets the stage for modern Europe (France and Germany (divided empire into parts | Treaty of verdun |
| begins the saxon line of kings | henry the Fowler |
| 1st holy roman emperor (lay investure), crowned in 962 | Otto the Great |
| emperors and kings to choose biships and other church officials | lay investure |
| started Salian line of kings | Henry IV |
| Hohenstaufen line, coined title holy roman empire | Frederic Barbarossa I |
| single most powerful institution in western Europe | papacy |
| monk adviser of Nicholas II, prohibited custom of lay investiture | Gregory 7th (monk name - Hildebrand) |
| under him papacy allowed the zenith of its power of influence, Fourth Lateran council (transubstantiation)Holy office of Inquisition- Power to inquire and judge matters of heresy | Innocent III |
Created by:
Minika Rose
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