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chapter 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| common law | a system of law based on precedent and customs |
| precedent | a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case |
| statutes | a law written by a legislative branch |
| plaintiff | a person or party filing a lawsuit |
| defendant | an individual or group being sued or charged with a crime |
| felonies | a serious crime such as murder,rape,kidnapping,or robbery |
| misdemeanors | a relatively minor offense such as vandalism or stealing inexpensive items. |
| larceny | the unlawful taking away of another persons property with the intent never to return it. |
| robbery | the taking of property from a persons possession by using force or threats |
| burglary | unlawful entry into any dwelling or structure. |
| lawsuit | a legal action in which a person or group sues to collect damages for some harm that is done. |
| tortes | wrongful acts for which an injured party has the right to sue. |
| libel | written untruths that are harmful to someones reputation. |
| constitutional law | branch of law dealing with formation,construction,and interpretation of constitutions. |
| stare decisis | the practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases. |
| writ of habeas corpus | a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person. |
| bill of attainder | a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or fair hearing in court. |
| ex post facto laws | a law that would allow a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed. |
| due process law | procedures established by law and guaranteed by the constitution. |
| search warrant | a court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspects home or business and take specific items as evidence. |
| double jeopardy | putting someone on trial for a crime that he or she was previously acquitted. |
| grand jury | a group of citizens that decides whether there is sufficient evidence to accuse someone of a crime. |
| plea bargaining | negotiation between the defense attorney and the prosecutor. |
| bail | a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial. |
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