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Ch 22
The Progressive Era
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the leading industry in the mass production movement. | the automobile industry |
| Explain how Henry Ford transformed the auto industry. | - discovered that a smaller unit of profit on a large number of sales meant enormous revenues - the key was mass production - in 1913 he set up assembly lines which greatly reduced the time and cost of producing cars |
| Name the industies dominated by trusts from 1898 to 1903. | - oil - railroads - utilities - steel - tobacco - copper |
| Describe the important business developments from 1898 to 1909. | - oligopoly (control of a commodity or service by a smaller of large, powerful companies - just 1% of the industrial firms were producing nearly half of all manufactured goods - businesses reached abroad for raw materials and new markets |
| Discuss the important aspects of mass production in the early 20th century. | -size - system - organization - marketing - speed of production |
| Describe the costs to workers of mass production. | - lost control of the work pace - new machines ended demand for skilled workers |
| List the principles of Frederick Taylor's scientific management. | - management must take responsibility for job-related knowledge & classify it into "rules, laws, and formulae," & control the workplace through enforced: standardization of methods, adoption of the best implements & working conditions, & cooperation |
| Discuss the major aspects of U.S. farm life in the early 20th century. | - farmers prospered - greater production & expanding urban markets - rural free delivery; Parcel post (1913) - better roads - land prices rose w/ crop prices - farm tenancy increased (many of them African American) |
| Explain the conditions faced by working women in 1900. | - Low pay - Few held skilled jobs; most held clerical jobs - Had to buy their own equipment such as needles, thread, and pay for electricity and chairs to sit on - Were expected to resign when married |
| Name the leader of the Niagara Movement. | - W. E. B. DuBois |
| Explain the main characteristics of immigration to the U.S. 1901-1920. | - came mainly from southern & eastern Europe and Mexico to work - labor agents - called padroni - recruited immigrant workers, found them jobs, & deducted a fee from their wages - moved to & from their homelands - often brought their families |
| Name the major unions and their leaders in the early 20th century U.S. labor movement. | - Women's Trade Union League(WTUL)-Marg. Dreier Robins, Anne Morgan, Jane Addams, Mary McDowell, Julia Lathrop, Dr Alice Hamilton - Am Fed. of Labor(AFL)-Sam Gompers - Ind. Workers of/t World(IWW)-Mary Harris Jones, Eliz. Gurley Flynn, Big Bill Haywood |
| Describe the important demographical characteristics of the U.S. population in 1920. | - median age was 25 (now its 35) - increase in life expectancy - average life span increased - infant mortality rate remained high - cities adopted zoning ordinances |
| List the important leisure activities of the early 1900's. | - baseball - football - movie theaters - phonographs - dancing at night-clubs, restaurants, and hotels - Vaudeville - fiction reading |
| Describe the important changes in the traditional arts in the early 1900's. | - move from ballet dance to modern dance (Isadora Duncan & Ruth St. Denis) - Realist painters: paint life as it really was - Modern art (post impressionists): bold colors, depictions of modern life - Focus on meters (modern poetry) |
Created by:
hollyannf08
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