Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Architect Midterm 2
Ch.10 Mesopotamia, Egypt, Ancient Near East and Ch.2 Commodite (Function)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Roth says the word function is too limited and we need other words to describe different kinds of function. what are those 2 words? | circulatory function or acoustical function |
| Who wrote the epigraph saying the 3 fundamental elements of architecture | Vitruvius |
| The opera house in Paris by Charles Garnier describes what kind of function? | circulatory function - to facilitate and accommodate movement throughout the space |
| architecture is more than functional utility. what does Roth say it is? | the vessel that inescapably shapes human life |
| The geography of Egypt and Mesopotamia are very different. what is the main difference | The Nile is predictable every year and the Tigris/Euphrates Rives is unpredictable |
| Mesopotamians used what distinctive building material | Bitumen or asphalt |
| the most important legacy of Mesopotamia is what? | concepts of civil life and the rule of law |
| even when Mesopotamian buildings were sponsored by kings they still embodied what? | public communal purpose |
| what did Egyptians call their river? | a word meaning black |
| to the Egyptians, things were never as good as they were at what time? | the time of Creation |
| What did King Menes do? | unite upper and lower Egypt. he is not the founder of the Old Kingdom however |
| what are the seasons of Egypt? | Inundation, emergence of the fields from the water, and drought |
| what distinguishes Egyptian architecture over the years | the deliberate resistance to change |
| Who built the Great Pyramids at Giza | willing laborers |
| when were the great pyramids plundered | by the time of the Middle Kingdom |
| Egyptian Temples were more than places of worship what other purpose did they serve? | home and training grounds for administration that ran Egypt. |
| who designed Temple of Hatshepsut? | Senmut |
| what unique item did temple of hatshepsut have in it that she got from land of punt | myrrh trees |
| Describe plan of artisan house at Deir el Medina | reception room w/ shrine of household god Bes-main room w/ palm tree-small bedroom- kitchen-cellar |
| Basic elements of architectural design | Utility, Firmness, Beauty |
| 2nd fundamental triad of architecture | Client, architect, builders |
| Definition of function | pragmatic utility of an object |
| beauty automatically results from what? | function |
| all purpose space | a building can be used as anything |
| utilitarian function | every room has a distinct purpose |
| circulatory function | space should facilitate movement easily through the space |
| symbolic function | the buildings appearance should follow its function |
| how does one achieve symbolic function | invent original forms, devise appropriate new symbolic representations for the functions that the structure houses |
| psychological and physiological functions | designing based on a feeling you want building or room to have |
| where is the first place people began raising their food | Ancient Near east |
| what major things were invented in ancient near east? | the wheel, money, writing |
| What are the 4 locations of the ancient near east | Palestine (Israel), Anatolia (Turkey), Mesopotamia (Iraq), Persia (iran) |
| What is the fertile crescent | Top of Nile through Mediterranean sea down to bottom of Tigris and Euphrates river |
| What civilizations are northern mesopotamia | Assyria, Persia |
| what civilizations are in southern mesopotamia | Sumer, Babylonia |
| 2 major natural resources in southern mesopotamia | mud and asphalt or bitumen |
| what building materials are found in mesopotamia | mud, bitumen, fired brick, sun dried brick |
| what material are the walls of Babylon made of? | fired brick |
| what are the 2 special qualities of fired brick that stone does not have | prefabricate it - make it beforehand. lighter than stone. |
| What 4 great cities arose in Ancient world? what do they have in common | Mesopotamia. Egypt. China. Pakistan and India. All arose on rivers |
| What are the 8 collectibles that we want to see throughout ancient near east buildings | 1.city 2.wall 3.fired brick 4.4 sided building 5.portal with 2 towers and an arch 6.guardian animals 7.temple 8.palace |
| purpose of ziggurat | elevate temple to provide a link between human realm and heavenly realm of the gods |
| what writing form did sumerians develop | cuneiform |
| what civilization overran sumerians | akkadians |
| what was most significant change of akkadian period | toward a strong priestly class and rule by a single warrior king |
| during which civilization did ziggurat construction expand | neo-sumerian |
| what is the statue of Gudea holding , why is it relevant? | a plaque with the inscribed plan of a building. comparing it to Zigguat of Nannar, did not weather away because it had thick outer walls |
| who was neo-babylonia restored by and what civilization took over | Nebuchadnezzar II and took over Assyrians |
| describe Hanging gardens, what culture is it from? | Neo-Babylonia. ziggurat like arched structure supporting terraces heavily planted with trees. water plants using euphrates river. made with fired brick and bitumen |
| What is the influence of ancient Mesopotamian cultures | concepts of civil life and rule of law. writing, wheel, tragic poignancy of human existence. |
| Sumerians invented what cultural patterns that have lasted thousands of years? [thesis] | architectural patterns, writing (cuneiform), cities, ziggurat, wheeled vehicle |
| What is the 2nd historical pattern and change made by Sumerians? | change from city-states governed by temples to empires in the hands of a ruler who claimed divine power aka Divine Right of Kings |
| what civilization do we usually compare Mesopotamia with | Egypt |
| where is the birthplace of fired brick | southern mesopotamia |
| What year was Sumerians in power? Semites? | Sumerian: 3500 BC-2000 BC. Semites: 2000 BC-500 BC |
| what are the parts of the Ziggurat of Uranamu | ziggurat. courtyard. broad room plan (babylonian plan) |
| What is a broad room plan or babylonian plan | walk in wide space and straight ahead is throne |
| law code of Hammurabi was written using what? what civilization | cuneiform. Babylon. received his power from the gods |
| In Israel and Judah how many temples were there and which one was the greatest? [thesis] | 3 temples, 1st one was greatest |
| What is the vast impact of the Hebrews based on? [thesis] | Ideas and thoughts, not buildings nor artifacts |
| First Temple (who built it, what is it used for, where is it, date) | King Solomon, major Hebrew shrine-symbol of major Jewish culture, Jerusalem Israel, M10C BC |
| What were the 2 columns called on the front of King Solomon's first temple? | Boaz (means in its strength) and Jaken (means he shall establish) |
| Where can we see a description of King Solomon's temple? | Holy Bible, Kings 6-7 |
| Who are semites? | Arabic or Hebrew people. came after Sumerians. the Akkadians, Hittites, Babylonians |
| what are keruvims? where can they be found | Fantastic winged creatures found on King Solomon's temple 1 |
| what civilization does King Sargon II belong to? | Assyria |
| Where is King Sargon's Palace located? | Located in Dur-Sharrukin, Khorsabad, Iraq |
| what is palace of king sargon used for? | government office building. ziggurat is on side of it so that religion enforces king's power |
| what civilization does King Solomon belong to? | Israel and Judah |
| syrian arch | Assyrian Arch that is resting on Lamasus or good demon. comes from Hittite Empire -Lion Gate at Hattusas, Turkey |
| Lamasus | Assyrian. good demon, human headed bulls or lions. put monsters on doorways to ward off evil |
| Plaque of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh, Iraq shows an example of what? | Dining while reclining. |
| Nebuchadnezzar is a part of what civilization? | Neo-Babylonia |
| Describe streets of Babylon inside Ishtar gate | Urban design, wide straight roads, Euphrates river travels through area |
| what is Mushshushu, where is it located? | furious serpent decorated on walls of Babylon on Temple of Marduk |
| 3 basic patterns on Babylon walls | 1. representations of Real animals and monsters 2. Heraldic symmetry (face to face, butt to butt) 3. infinite stretchability |
| Darius and Xerxes are rulers of what civilization? | Persians |
| twice in the near east we see nomadic people quickly turn into what? what 2 civilizations [thesis] | Thriving civilization, suddenly created an empire and achieve monumental architecture. Persians and 7th c Islamic architecture |
| what is persepolis | city of Persia, Iran. capital city |
| The winged bulls carved on stone in Persian empire were inspired by who? what is the difference between the two? | Assyrians, except persians had 4 legs and assyrians had 5 legs |
| What 2 architectural elements are uniquely Persian? | Hall of 100 columns and post and lintel construction with bulls heads atop facing away from each other |
| What direction does Nile flow | south to north |
| 2 great determinants of Egyptian culture | Nile and the Sun |
| What kind of materials do Egyptians have | rich in natural resources and every kind of mineral. colorful stones |
| why were egyptians rarely invaded? what impact did that have? | protected on east and west by desert. people were very secure and prosperous, they believed in life after death |
| What side of the Nile did Egyptians live? bury the dead? [thesis] | East-living West-dead |
| Ka | our spiritual twin. separate from us in life, at death Ka would be reunited with the body to survive. Needed food and drink and a statue to survive |
| Ba | occurs when Ka reunites with the body. leaves the tomb and travels by day. at night returns to body |
| Akh | lived in the sky (realm of the gods) |
| All Egyptian tombs have what? | underground burial chamber, on top could be a superstructure to protect corpse |
| what are the 2 functions of egyptian tombs [thesis] | protect the body, make a way for spirit to get offerings |
| what does mastaba mean | arab word for bench |
| purpose of mastaba | served to protect the body and make a way for spirit to get offerings |
| serdab | place where Ka statue is located |
| What is on the relief picture at the Tomb of Ti and Nefer-Hetep-Es | Ti going hippo hunting on the Nile. hippos are very dangerous. made out of papyrus |
| where does the Ka go to get nourishment | False doors, can give literal food, a list of food, or an image like on Ti's tomb |
| 3 basic kinds of rock | Igneous-granite, disintegrate into sediments, Sedimentary-limestone, fragile can be pressurized into marble, Metamorphic-marble |
| Pyramid of Zoser emerged from what? [thesis] | mastaba, 1st egyptian pyramid to grow from mastaba |
| what architectural structure marks the turning point towards fine architecture? [thesis] | Stepped Pyramid of Zoser |
| architect of stepped pyramid of zoser | Imhotep |
| Stepped pyramid of zoser marks turning point of what? [hint: materials] | soft materials--> hard materials |
| what is heb-sed | one man olympic ceremony to prove that Zoser could continue to rule. located on right side of Stepped pyramid of zoser |
| what are the 5 features of old kingdom pyramid | 1.pyramid 2.walled courtyard 3. temple at eastern base of pyramid 4. causeway 5. valley temple-body of king is deposited here before taken to tomb |
| Pyramids of Giza- 3 kings | Khufu, Khafre, Menkare |
| what materials was on the tip of the pyramids of giza | limestone and sometimes gold |
| which pyramid at Giza was capped with gold | Khufu |
| What alteration did they make to the inside of Khufu's pyramid? | raised burial chamber 3x so it is now in the middle of the pyramid. Ba can now move about in the day |
| What are the comparisons of the american dollar to pyramids of giza and egypt in general | the eye symbolizes that God is looking down on us favorably-divine right of kings. also illuminates in the light just like the gold tip of Khufu's pyramid |
| what is purpose of the great sphinx of giza | guard city of the dead -necropolis |
| what replaced mastabas in middle kingdom of Egypt ? [thesis] | rock cut tombs |
| What temple is the most sophisticated achievement of Egyptian architecture [thesis] | Temple of Hatsepshut |
| What do you see on plaster cast from part of a wall on temple of hatshepsut | see Hatsepshut's journey to Land of Punt, carrying myrrh trees back to her temple |
Created by:
simmonsss
Popular History sets