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Babbie ch 5

conceptualize, operationalize and measure

TermDefinition
conceptions mental images we use as sum­mary devices for bringing together observations and experiences that seem to have something in common.
concepts constructs; they represent the agreed-upon meanings we assign to terms.
Our concepts don't exist in the real world, so they can't be measured directly, but..... it's pos­sible to measure the things that these summarize.
conceptualization the process of specifying observations and measurements that give con­cepts definite meaning for the purposes of a research study.
Operational definitions specify how vari­ables relevant to a concept will be measured.
conceptualization includes specifying the indi­cators of a concept and describing its dimen­sions.
precise definitions are more important in what type of study descriptive
operationalization specifies the exact procedures that will be used to measure the attributes of variables.
Operationalization involves a series of inter­related choices including: specifying the range of varia­tion that is appropriate, determining how precisely to mea­sure, accounting for di­mensions of variables, defining the attributes of variables and their relation­ships, and deciding on an appropriate level of measurement.
four levels of measures nominal,ordinal,interval, and ra­tio
When in doubt, researchers should use the ___________of measurement possible. Why? highest level, so they can capture the greatest amount of information
Where does operationalization begin and end? it begins in the design phase and continues through all phases of the project, including analysis.
criteria of the quality of measures precision, accuracy, reliability, and validity
reliability getting consistent results from the same measure
validity getting results that accurately reflect the concept being measured
Four ways researchers can improve the reliability of their measures test-retest method, the split-half method, the use of established measures, and the examination of work per­formed by research workers.
yardsticks for assessing a measure's validity include: face validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and content validity.
Best way to preserve richness of meaning of general concepts? using several different measures
indicator a trend or fact, that indicates the state or level of something
nominal measure differentiates between items or subjects based only on their names or (meta-)categories and other qualitative classifications they belong to
Ordinal measure allows for rank order (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) by which data can be sorted
interval measure allows for the degree of difference between items, but not the ratio between them.
ratio measure possesses a meaningful (unique and non-arbitrary) zero value.
face validity the extent to which a test is subjectively viewed as covering the concept it purports to measure. It refers to the transparency or relevance of a test as it appears to test participants.
criterion-related validity a measure of how well one variable or set of variables predicts an outcome based on information from other variables
construct validity the degree to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring
content validity refers to the extent to which a measure represents all facets of a given social construct.
test-retest the variation in measurements taken by a single person or instrument on the same item and under the same conditions.
split-half method Administering a test to a group of individuals, Splitting the test in half, Correlating scores on one half of the test with scores on the other half of the test, correlation between these two split halves is used in estimating the reliability of the test
Created by: marissam06
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