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Research Design
Planning - Babbie ch 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| principal purposes of social research include: | exploration,description, and explanation |
| Exploration | the attempt to develop an initial, rough understanding of some phenomenon. |
| Description | The precise reporting and/or measurement of the characteristics of some population or phenomenon under study. |
| Explanation | the discovery and reporting of relationships among different aspects of the phenomenon under study. tend to answer the question "Why?" |
| Units of analysis | the people or things whose characteristics social researchers observe, describe, and explain. Typically, the individual person, but it may also be a group, social artifact, or lifestyles or social interactions. |
| ecological fallacy | involves conclusions drawn from the analysis of the attributes of groups (e.g neighborhoods) that are then assumed to apply to individuals (e.g., specific residents of different neighborhoods) |
| Reductionism | the attempt to understand a complex phenomenon in terms of a narrow set of concepts |
| reason for use of cross-sectional studies or longitudinal studies. | Research into processes that occur over time |
| Cross-sectional studies | based on observations made at one time. researchers can sometimes make inferences about processes that occur over time. |
| longitudinal studies | observations are made at many times, may be trend, cohort or panel |
| trend studies | observations may be made of samples drawn from general populations. This is a subtype of longitudinal studies. |
| cohort studies | observations drawn from specific subpopulations. This is a subtype of longitudinal studies. |
| panel studies | observations drawn from the same group of people each time. This is a subtype of longitudinal studies. |
| Describe the research design process | starts with an initial interest, and proceeds through a series of interrelated steps to narrow the focus of the study so that concepts, methods, and procedures are well defined. A good one accounts for all these steps in advance. |
| conceptualization | a researcher specifies the meaning of the concepts or variables to be studied |
| What is done at the outset of research? | conceptualization, research method, the population that will be studied and how it will be sampled. |
| How does a researcher operationalize the concepts to be studied | by stating precisely how variables in the study will be measured. Research then proceeds through observation, processing the data, analysis, and application. |
| social artifact | anything created by humans which gives information about the culture of its creator and users |
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marissam06
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