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SOC 231
midterm vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| assimilation | the process through which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture |
| social distance | the tendency to withdraw from a group. one may associate with members of a group but want to deny them citizenship or be unwilling to welcome them into the family through marriage |
| marime | defilement or pollution, and as used by gypsies is both an object and a concept |
| melalo | "dirty with honest dirt" as used by gypsies. dirty from manual labor |
| definition of the situation | emphasize the importance of the way any given group views its own social reality. specifically, this concept refers to people responding not only to the objective features of reality but also to their interpretation of it. |
| familiyi | extended gypsy family |
| familia | gypsy version of nuclear family. includes spouses, unmarried children, married sons and their wives and children, plus other assorted relatives and adopted youngsters |
| daro | payment by the groom's family to the bride's family. gypsy |
| gender roles | society's expectations of the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females |
| romaniya | the gypsy way of life and view of the world |
| social control | techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society |
| informal social control | social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through means such as laughter, smiles, and rituals |
| formal social control | social control carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers. |
| kris | gypsy legal system |
| discrimination | the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other reasons |
| prejudice | a negative attitude toward an entire category of people |
| ethnocentrism | the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others |
| blaming the victim | portraying the problems of racial, ethnic, and other groups as their fault rather than recognizing society's responsibility |
| in-group | a group or category to which people feel they belong |
| out-group | a group to which people feel they do not belong |
| anabaptists | a general term applied to those who rejected infant baptism practiced by roman catholics and early protestants |
| meidung | the shunning or avoidance of excommunicated members (amish) |
| English (amish) | amish term for non-amish |
| conspicuous consumption | the tendency to gain attention through the overt display of one's wealth |
| relative deprivation | the conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities. |
| deviance | a behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society |
| sanctions | rewards and punishments employed by a group to bring about desired behavior on the part of its members |
| endogamy | the restriction of mate selection to people within the same group |
| exogamy | marriage outside of one's group |
| value | the collective conception of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, or bad undesirable and improper in a culture |
| rum springa | amish, "running around." amish period of discovery |
| commune | a form of cooperative living in which community assets are shared and individual ownership is discouraged. |
| manifest function | open, stated, conscious, and deliberate functions of a social process |
| latent functions | unconscious or unintended functions of a social process |
| ideal type | a hypothetical situation in which all the preconceived criteria are met or where everything goes according to plan. has value in that it enables comparison between actual situation and conceptual ideals. |
| division of labor | divisions within a society based on manner in which tasks are performed. |
| reference group | group that people look to for standards of behavior and appropriate conduct, one that can bestow or withhold approval. |
| polygamy | plural spouses, husbands or wives |
| polygyny | refers only to plural wives |
| celestial marriage | Mormon concept that there are two distinct types of marriage, one for time and one for eternity. this seals a man and women together for eternity. |
| gentiles | non-mormons |
| ward | basic horizontal or geographical unit of Mormon church, like a congregation or parish |
| stake | like catholic diocese, five to ten Mormon wards |
| jack mormon | Mormon who is inactive or lapsed |
| tithing | 10% of one's income towards the Mormon church |
| culture | totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior |
| subculture | a segment of society that shares a distinct pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society |
| charismatic authority | power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers |
| male continence | the idea that it was not necessary for a man to reach ejaculation during a sex act. practiced by the Oneida community. |
| primary group | group characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation |
| secondary groups | formal, impersonal groups in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding |
| mutual criticism | Oneida practice of bringing a member who was being reprimanded in front of either a committee or sometimes the whole community to be criticized for their action |
| complex marriage | state in which every man and every woman are married to each other (Oneida) |
| ascending fellowship | the practice of older "godly" male members being in a special group called the central committee. they could pick a virgin of about age 14 for whom they were spiritually responsible. |
| stirpiculture | noyes' selective breeding program for the oneida |
| cultural relativism | the viewing of other people's behavior from the perspective of those people's own culture |
| eschatology | a part of theology that considers the final events of the world |
| armaggedon | the final, decisive battle between good and evil |
| disfellowship | Jehovah's witness term for excommunication |
| anomie | a sense of powerlessness or worthlessness, leading eventually to a feeling of alienation |
| alienation | condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surrounding society |
| stereotype | an unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within a group |
| apostates | people who have renounced their beliefs and allegiances |
| black muslim | African American who accepts the tenets of islam but in the specific context of being black in the united states |
| hijab | muslim face covering |
| hajj | muslim pilgrimage to mecca |
| jihad | struggle against the enemies of allah |
| black nationalism | a consciousness that sees African americans as a cohesive group whose collective experience and heritage are to be celebrated |
| double consciousness | the dual awareness of being both American and african |
| millenarian movement | a group whose membership anticipates a dramatic change that will bring about a perfect time |
| auditing | form of scientology counseling in which the auditor, a church member, measures a person's mental state using an Electropsychometer |
| preclear | recipient of an audit |
| clear | a person free from the ill effects of his or her own mind, achieved through auditing |
| engram | particular type of stored mental energy or image that is harmful and usually the result of a painful or traumatic experience |
| thetan | scientology term for a person's immortal spiritual being and can be thought of as similar to a soul |
| quasi-religion | organizations that may see themselves as religious but are seen as "sort of religious" by others |
| disconnection | the scientology practice of members discontinuing association, or even communication, with anyone considered a threat |
| technique of neutralization | scientologists deflect the perspective that they are engaged in strange or bizarre behavior |
| appeal to higher loyalties | a technique of neutralization in which one appeals to one's friends and other social obligations |
| condemnation of condemners | technique of neutralization in which rule violators shift the focus from their own behavior to the motives and behavior of those who disapprove of their delinquency |
| suppressive person | scientology term for people who try to belittle or thwart their activity |
Created by:
mkmcmanus
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