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Vocabulary 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Constitution | a written plan of government |
| Constitutional Convention | meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 during which 55 delegates wrote the new constitution |
| Republic | a system of government where citizens elect representatives to govern them |
| James Madison | principle architect of the Constitution, wrote many of The Federalist Papers; was a leading support of ratification of the Constitution |
| George Mason | delegate to the Constitutional Convention from Virginia that opposed ratification; was a leading Anti-Federalist |
| Delegates | people who are sent to a meeting to decide important issues |
| Anti-Federalists | people who opposed the new constitution; they feared strong national government and demanded a bill of rights, George Mason and Patrick Henry were leading Anti-Federalists |
| Federalists | people who supported the new constitution and wanted a strong national (central) government, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison were leaders of the Federalists |
| Grievance | a complaint, such as those listed in the Declaration of Independence against the British government; were addressed by the Constitution |
| The Federalist Papers | a series of essays published in newspapers to support and explain the new constitution |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, they guarantee basic rights, was one way the unalienable rights were protected by the new government, the Anti-Federalists insisted it be added before they ratified the Constitution |
| Compromise | an agreement that allows both sides to keep some things they want, but they must give up others |
| Ratification | to formally (officially) approve of a document |
| Amendments | changes or additions to an official document; the process to amend the Constitution was difficult to prevent frequent, unnecessary changes |
| George Washington | president of the Constitutional Convention, chosen because of his leadership abilities |
| Patrick Henry | leading Anti-Federalist; refused to attend the Constitutional Convention, proclaiming “I smell a rat” meaning he thought something suspicious was happening |
| Ben Franklin | political leader from Pennsylvania that advised the Constitutional Convention on making compromises that enabled the states to accept a new government |
| Charles de Montesquieu | French philosopher that proposed the ideas of checks and balances and separation of powers, saying that divided power protected the rights of citizens from a situation where the government may become abusive |
| separation of powers | this principle of the Constitution divided the power of government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches; each has its own specific duties |
| The Great Compromise | foundation of the new government; three branches legislative, executive and judicial; Congress (legislative branch) was divided into two houses, the upper house (Senate) had equal representation – 2 members for each state, the lower house (House of Repres |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | the northern states wanted slaves not counted or at least taxed, southern states did so they would have more members in the House of Representative; result – 3/5 of all slaves would be counted for representation and not taxation |
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