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World History Ch. 3
World History Ch.3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Himalayas | a chain of mountains that help keep invaders out and receive rainfall |
| Indian subcontinent | extends south from central Asia down to Indian Ocean |
| Khyber Pass | the only way through the Indian mountains |
| Ganges river | flows through the fertile valley |
| Indus river | flows across the Drier plain |
| Deccan | high plateau south of the rivers |
| monsoon | high winds, November-March where there is little rainfall during this season |
| wet season | (sw monsoon); brings most of year’s rainfall; June - October; if it comes late, the crops fail; if it rains too much, it floods out the crops |
| high temps | along the coast, summers are mild but the rest of India can reach 120 |
| Harappan civilization | make up two cities Harappa and Mohenjo Daro; have wide streets and planned cities, had bathrooms, sewers, had trash shoots |
| citadel | central fortress that sat on a platform |
| war | means “desire for more cows” |
| Sanskrit | language used by priests |
| Brahmins | priests that ran ceremonies |
| Indo-Aryans vs. Indus Valley People | Indo-Aryans are light skinned, Nomadic, strict social structure; Indus Valley - dark skinned, settled in communities, women had more rights, less rigid social structure |
| Indo Aryan economy | raised wheat, barley, and rice; poor transportation system |
| Vedanta | new school of thought |
| Upanishads | collection of religious teachings |
| epics | long poems with a hero in it that has some sort of religious theme to it |
| caste system | social organization; India removed the system in 1950 |
| varnas | social classes; fifth group called “untouchables”, held unclean jobs or couldn’t mix with society at all (brahmins moved to second place) |
| jati | subgroups within a varna, such as a job |
| Maya | everything is life is an illusion; you have to see through it to get to Nirvana |
| reincarnation | once you die, you come back in life as another animal |
| Dharma | moral duty you have in this life to move onto the next life |
| karma | good or bad force determined by actions |
| Nirvana | perfect peace; like heaven |
| Brahman | is their god, but takes the form of many gods |
| Hindu religious practices | yoga; cows are sacred/taboo; use crap as fuel and ceremonies |
| Siddhartha Gautama | known as the Buddha, or the enlightened one |
| Buddhism | believed in reincarnation; taught the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold path; believed it would be better to be a moral person than have ceremonies; everyone can reach Nirvana |
| branches of Buddhism | Mahayana: Buddha is a god; Theravada: regarded him as a great teacher |
| Chandragupta Maurya | started Mauryan empire; had a large army; violent |
| Asoka | grandson of Chandragupta; not violent; better leader; reduced army size |
| Gupta Rulers | called “golden age” and improved Indian civilization; Buddhism |
| Skandagupta | last Gupta ruler; empire weakened under his rule |
| polygame | having more than one wife |
| suttee | widows committed suicide when husband died |
| Panchatantra | five books stories with morals |
| cultural achievements | had plays; had artwork; upper castes studied many subjects; lower castes only studied for their job |
| inoculation | building up antibodies until the body is immune |
| Malanda | first university |
| Aryabhata | created algebra |
| Himdiusm | main religion |
Created by:
NoahBuscher
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