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US Gov Units 1-3
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. According to the Declaration of Independence, what is the purpose of government? | To secure the rights (life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness)of the governed by whose consent governance is granted |
| 2. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| 3. Name purposes of government according to the US Constitution? | Form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, secure the blessings of liberty |
| 4. Where are purposes of government specifically found in the US Constitution? | Preamble |
| 5. Describe the US Constitution using the terms Articles, Amendments, and Preamble. | The US Constitution is the guiding legal document of the US government and includes the Preamble, 7 Articles, and 27 Amendments. |
| 6. What are the two most common ways to organize institutions of the central government? | Unitary, Federal |
| 7. Define Federal and Unitary. | Unitary= power radiates from the top (central) government down to the states (provinces); Federal=power radiates from the states to the central government and back again-they form a federation of power |
| 8. Identify and explain two degrees to which governmental power is limited. | Limited governments have restraints on power and encourage broad-based participation in the political process.Authoritarian governments are governments of unlimited power They place restraints on power,which is wielded by one person or a small group. |
| 9. Contrast these terms: Dictatorship and Democracy. | A dictatorship is different from a democracy because power rests with one person or a small group of persons verses power resting with the voting people. |
| 10. What type of democracy developed in Athens, Greece? | Direct Democracy |
| 11. What type of democracy developed in Rome, Italy? | Indirect Democracy or Representative Democracy (republic) |
| 12. What three (3) English documents MOST influenced the US constitutional system of government? | Magna Carta, English Petition of Rights, English Bill of Rights |
| 13. List two (2) important ideas demonstrated in each of three English documents above. | MC-Limited power of govt,rights when charged w/ crimes(trial by jury,due process)PofR-the idea men have rights,establish concept of rule of law.BofR-limits monarch's power,guarantees no standing army, free elections,petition, parliamentary checks on power |
| 14. What year was the Magna Carta drafted and signed by King John and his lords? | 1215 |
| 16. Which documents extended the rights of Englishmen to colonists living in the English colonies? | Virginia Charters of London |
| 17. Which natural rights philosophies are expressed in the Declaration of Independence? | All men are created equal.-Rousseau Government is based on an agreement between people and their rulers (“social contract”) and that people have the right to life, liberty and property.-Locke |
| 18. Who authored the Virginia Declaration of Rights? | George Mason |
| 19. Who authored the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom? | Thomas Jefferson |
| 20. Which Virginian is often referred to as the “Father of the Constitution” because of the detailed notes he kept at the Constitutional Convention? | James Madison |
| 21. When was the Constitutional Convention? | May 25-September 17, 1787 |
| 22. Why was the Constitutional Convention held? What was it a reaction to? | ? It formed with representatives from 12 of the 13 states in an effort to resolve problems of the Article of Confederation. The first US government was a Confederation and it was weakened by state rivalries. |
| 23. Which political ideology (party) were the majority of attendees to the Constitutional Convention? | Federalist |
| 24. Define the major beliefs of the Federalists. | Believed a strong central government is the best way to protect freedom. |
| 25. What is party (non-Federalist) was loosely formed in response to the Federalists party? | Anti-Federalists |
| 26. English Enlightenment thinker who believed -Limited governments agree to protect Natural Rights (life, liberty, property) and Corrupt Governments should be overthrown | John Locke |
| 50. English Enlightenment thinker who believed -Consent of the Governed | Thomas Hobbes |
| 51. English Enlightenment thinker who believed Law protects human rights | William Blackstone |
| 52. French Enlightenment thinker who believed Separation of powers and Checks and balances | Baron de Montesquieu |
| 53. French Enlightenment thinker who believed -All men are equal and enter into a Social Contract with their central government | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
| 27. The US Constitution sets up government where people agree to l_________. | law |
| 28. The US Constitution outlines __ Articles. 1-3 cover the idea of Checks and Balances. Article 1=L_____________ branch; Article 2=E______________ branch; Article 3= J____________ branch | 7 Articles. 1-3 cover the idea of Checks and Balances. Article 1=Legislative branch; Article 2=Executive branch; Article 3= Judicial branch |
| 29. Articles cover state and f_________ power sharing. Transfer of power from one presidency to another is peaceably without bloodshed. | federal |
| 30. What is a military dictatorship? | a form of government where in the political power resides with the military |
| 31. Define Oligarchy. | a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes; also : a group exercising such control |
| 32. Define Capital Punishment. | Capital punishment or the death penalty is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. |
| 33. What are the procedures to amend the Constitution of the United States? | Requires a 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress or a national convention requested by 2/3 of the state legislatures. Ratifying an amendment requires approval by 3/4 of the state legislatures or acceptance by conventions in 3/4 of the states. |
| 34. To date, there have been ____ amendments to the Constitution. | 27 |
| 35. Define Civil Liberties. | freedoms upon which the government may not infringe |
| 36. Explain unreasonable search and seizure, a right protected by the US Bill of Rights. | Search of an individual or his/her premises (including an automobile) and/or seizure of evidence found in such a search by a law enforcement officer without a search warrant and without "probable cause" to believe evidence of a crime is present. |
| 37. Explain double jeopardy, a right protected by the US Bill of Rights. | Prosecuting individuals for the same crime on more than one occasion, or imposing more than one punishment for a single offense. |
| 38. Explain self-incrimination, a right protected by the US Bill of Rights. | Giving testimony in a trial that could subject one to criminal prosecution. The Supreme Court has ruled that it may be asserted during civil, administrative, and legislative proceedings as well. |
| 39. What are the first amendment freedoms? | Religion: Speech: Press: Assembly: Petition: |
| 40. Name two ways that expression occurs other than speaking with another person. | Expressions or gestures or protests |
| 41. Beginning in the twentieth century, the Supreme Court used the ______ Amendment (due process of law clause) to limit state actions, just as the Bill of Rights limits the national government. | 14th Amendment |
| 42. List and explain the three powers denied the states. | No state shall enter alliance, treaty or confederation, cannot tax imports, cannot declare war |
| 43. How many justices sit on the U.S. Supreme Court? | 9 |
| 44. List the four times when suffrage has been expanded. | #1-15th all citizens=males (black and white)#2-19th all citizens (male and female)#3-24th the right to vote for President #4-26th extended the right to vote to all 18 year olds |
| 45. Which amendment was repealed? | 18th-stated that each state had the power to control Alcohol distribution Repealed by the 21st Amendment |
| 46. What was the most recent amendment to the Constitution? What does it do? | 27th Amendment, limits Congress’s power to fix the salaries of its members by delaying an increase in pay until after the next election |
| 47. What is the name of the territory that Palestinians and Israelis continually fight over? | Gaza Strip |
| 48. What is the name of the African virus causing so much world health concern at this time? | Ebola |
| 49. What is the acronym name of the group attempting to impose extreme radical Islam religion on the people in the Syrian region of the world? | ISIS |
| 54. French Enlightenment thinker who believed -Separation of church and state & Freedom of Religion | Voltaire |
| 55. Federalist support the | 1787 US Constitution |
| 15. Anti-Federalists support the | US Bill of Rights |
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Room 211
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