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CNS MASH TEST1 NWHSU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ________ nucleus is located in the wall of the lateral ventricle. | Caudate Nucleus |
| [4] The superior colliculus and inferior colliculus is located in the _________________. Be very Specific. | Tectum of the midbrain |
| [2] Consider the myotactic (stretch/deep tendon) reflex. In fibers from the stimulated muscle spindle synapse directly on the ___________. | Alpha motor neuron |
| [7] Define Spinal Segment | Portion of spinal cord where spinal nerve attaches |
| [6] Yellow colored CFS suggests ___________. It is caused by a breakdown of ______ in the CSF. | Subarachnoid hemmorage RBCs |
| [3] Under normal conditions, the CSF pressure is controlled by ______________. | arachnoid villi absorption |
| [2] Papilledema may occur with increased intracranial pressure. Explain the mechanism. | Increase ICP causes edema putting pressure on the optic nerve causing restricted venous return in Central A of Retina |
| A meningomyelocele involves the herniation of _________________. | Meninges and Spinal Cord |
| [3] Which is NOT a usual sign of increased intracranial pressure? Put all correct. A. nausea and vomiting B. decreased blood pressure C. Lethargy D. bulging fontanelles in an infant E. increased heart rate F. behavior changes G.Tachycardia H.Hypotension | B. Decreased blood pressure and E. increased heart rate G. Tachycardia H.Hypotension |
| Give two conditions that may cause increased intracranial pressure. | Hemmorage, Tumor, Infection |
| What is the appropriate action with suspected increased intracranial pressure? | Call 911 |
| [4] A. A tear in the middle meningeal artery will cause a _____________ hemorrhage. B. An expanding mass from this hemorrhage may put pressure on which underlying cortex? | A. Epidural B. Precentral Gyrus |
| The most common cause of traumatic death in infants is _______________. | Shaken Baby Syndrome |
| Inflammation of the meninges of the posterior cranial fossa results in headache referred to the __________________. | Entire head and back of neck |
| What is the general function of the nuclei of the subthalamus? [2] | Motor Function |
| [2] The ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus projects to ________________ and belongs to the ___________ group of the thalamic nuclei. | 3,2,1 Medial and superior cortex Specific Group |
| [3] The intralaminar, midline, and posterior complex project to ________________. | Wide areas of cortex (NONSPECIFIC Group), Specific Thalamic nucleus and association thalmic nucleus |
| [2] Fibers connecting contralateral areas 5 and 7 are located specifically in the ________________. | Corpus Collosum |
| The motor and sensory speech areas communicate through the _____________. | Superior Long Fasiculus |
| [8] Consider a hemidissection of the left C2 spinal cord. Pain deficits expected in the: A. R arm B. L arm C. R leg D. L leg E. L cheek F. no deficit | A. R arm, C. R leg, E. L cheek |
| [8] Consider a hemidissection of the left C2 spinal cord. Discriminating touch deficits expected in A. R arm B. L arm C. R leg D. L leg E. L cheek F. no deficit | B. L arm, D. L leg |
| [8] Consider a hemidissection of the left C2 spinal cord. Conscious proprioception deficits expected in the: A. R arm B. L arm C. R leg D. L leg E. L cheek F. no deficit | B. L arm, D. L leg |
| What deficits are expected with an occlusion of the posterior spinal artery supplying L1-3? | None, there is an anastomosis |
| [2] Consider an anterior cavitation of the central canal in the T5-8 spinal cord. What areas of the body have a pain deficit? [2] | Bilateral pain in Dermatomes of T5-8 |
| onsider an anterior cavitation of the central canal in the T5-8 spinal cord. What areas of the body have paralysis of voluntary motor control? | None |
| onsider an anterior cavitation of the central canal in the T5-8 spinal cord. What areas of the body have a discriminating touch deficit? [2] | none |
| [3] Give the location of the nerve cell bodies whose fibers join the inferior cerebellar peduncle. | L nucleus dorsalis, lateral cuneate nucleus and dorsal horn |
| [2] Give the location of the nerve cell bodies whose fibers join the Left superior cerebellar peduncle. | L Reticular |
| What information is carried in fasciculus cuneatus? | (T6 and up to ipsilateral side) Discriminating touch, vibration, conscious proprioception |
| [3] In general, reticular nuclei of the reticular activating system receive afferents from ___________ and __________. | cerebral cortex, all sensations |
| Consider the reticular nuclei that project to autonomic nuclei. Which afferents to these reticular nuclei would be especially important for the control of blood pressure? | Hypothalamus and visceral afferents |
| Explain how the left lateral corticospinal tract terminating in the lumbosacral cord can influence input to the cerebellum. | Once the fiber terminates in the lumbosacral dorsal horn it has the option of ascending with the ventrospinocerebellar tract which terminates in the cerebellum. |
| Give the location of the nerve cell bodies whose fibers terminate in the: Left ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus. | R nucleus proprius |
| Give the location of the nerve cell bodies whose fibers terminate in the: Right ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus. | Chief nucleus of 5, n of spinotrigeminal tract |
| Give the location of the nerve cell bodies whose fibers terminate in the: Right lateral cuneate nucleus | Dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve from R side of body T6 up |
| [2] Consider an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Record all correct. Voluntary motor deficits are expected in the: A. L mm of mastication B. R mm of mastication C. R smile D. L smile E. R eye closure F. L eye closure G. R leg H. L leg | B. R mm of mastication C. R smile |
| [2] Consider an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Record all correct. Pain deficits are expected in the: A. R upper face B. L upper face C. R lower face D. L lower face E. R leg F. L leg | A. R upper face, B. L upper face? C. R lower face |
| [2] Consider an occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Are language deficits expected? Explain your answer. | Yes. The language association cortex is lateral in the left hemisphere (Temporal and parietal) |
| [2] Name the artery supplying the inferior cerebellar peduncle in the open medulla. Record all correct. A. anterior spinal B.posterior inferior cerebellar C. Posterior spinal D. none of the above (know without a,b,c,d) | B. posterior inferior cerebellar |
| Name the artery supplying the pyramid in the open medulla. Record all correct. A. anterior spinal B.posterior inferior cerebellar C. Posterior spinal D. none of the above [2] | A. Anterior spinal |
| Name the artery supplying the Medial Lemniscus in the open medulla. Record all correct. A. anterior spinal B.posterior inferior cerebellar C. Posterior spinal D. none of the above | A. Anterior spinal |
| Complains of sudden onset paralysis of all mm of facial expression on the L side of the face. Where is lesion? Deficits may be present? A.decreased salivation B.decreased taste sensation C.decreased pain entire right face D.decreased pain entire left face | A. decreased salivation B. Decreased taste sensation C. decreased pain on the entire side of right face |
| [2] The motor speech area (Broca's area) is located in the ___________ lobe. | Frontal lobe |
| What group of fibers connects the medulla and the cerebellum | ICP Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle |
| Substantia nigra is located ______________. Be complete! | Nuclei of subthalamus and tegmentum of midbrain |
| The S5 spinal segment is located approximately at the level of the __________ vertebra. | 1st lumbar |
| The dura matter of the spinal cord terminates as the dural sac at the __________ vertebral level. | S2 |
| [4] Dandy-Walker syndrome is one condition that may lead to HYDROCEPHALUS. What is the underlying malformation in this condition? | congenital absence of the lateral and medial apertures |
| The fibers connecting the left and right sides of the spinal cord form the ____________. | Anterior Commissure |
| A person is unable to interpret the meaning of spoken language. An occlusion of which artery would cause this deficit? | L middle Cerebral Artery |
| [2] What deficits would likely result from an occlusion of the left posterior spinal artery supplying the L2-4 spinal cord? Explain your answer. | None because there is efficient anastomoses between L/R posterior spinal arteries |
| An expanding aortic aneurysm may result in deficits due to occlusion of the ___________ arteries. | Posterior intercostal |
| Which blood vessel supplies the posterior lateral aspect of the open medulla? | Posterior Inferior Cerebellar |
| [3] Which of the following may produce cerebral ischemia? Put all correct. A. Hemorrhage B. Emboli C.Increased intracranial pressure D. Papilledema E. Elevated blood pressure F. Hypoglycemia | A. Hemorrhage B. Emboli C.Increased intracranial pressure. |
| A person presents with abnormal ocular movements and complaints of visual deficits which have developed over the last 2 days. You suspect a slow bleeding aneurysm located ____________ | Opthalmic A or any part of circle of willis |
| A 3 month old infant presents with bulging fontanelles, lethargy, and vomiting. Based on only this: A.The infant has increased intracranial pressure B.Tumor C.Meningitis D.Rupture of a congenital aneurysm | A. The infant has increased intracranial pressure |
| [2] Additional data leads you to suspect this is due to an inflicted head injury as in shaken baby syndrome. Your first action is to call 911; your second action is to _________. | Alert authorities |
| [3] A person is struck on the pterion by a hockey puck. Over 30 mins this person complains of headache and nausea and becomes increasingly drowsy. You suspect an epidural hemorrhage due to rupture of the __________ artery. | Middle Meningeal |
| [2] Person is struck on the pterion by hockey puck. Over 30 mins this person complains of headache and nausea and becomes drowsy. Assuming rupture of middle meningeal artery. additional symptoms:A.Papilledema B.Decrease BP C.Increse HR D.Unconsciousness | A. Papilledema D. Unconsciousness |
| [9] Give the afferents to areas 5 and 7 on the left: A. Short association fibers from __________ | primary GSA Left Cerebral cortex areas 3,2,1 |
| [9] Give the afferents to areas 5 and 7 on the left: Commissural fibers from ____________ | Right cerebral cortex areas 5,7 |
| [9] Give the afferents to areas 5 and 7 on the left: Projection fibers from ____________. (2 answers) | Non Specific nuclei of the thalamus, and L integrative association fibers |
| Give the source of afferents to the non-specific group of the thalamic nuclei: A. With general sensation from the body (Name the tract) | Paleospinothalamic tract |
| Give the source of afferents to the non-specific group of the thalamic nuclei: B. With general sensation from the head (Name the tract) | Ventral Trigeminothalamic tract |
| Give the source of afferents to the non-specific group of the thalamic nuclei: C. In the pathway for reticular activation (Name the nuclei which project to the thalamus or name the fibers) | Non-Specific group and Limbic |
| [5] Between which two structures does the posterior limb of the internal capsule pass? | Thalamus and Lentiform nucleus |
| Via which group of fibers do the motor speech and sensory language areas communicate? | Superior Longitudinal Faciculus |
| [4] Consider a vascular lesion destroying fibers in the genu (head) of the left internal capsule. What sensory deficits are expected? (Include side and area.) | General sensory deficit on R side of head/face No deficits in arms (Genu is head only) |
| An occlusion of the anterior spinal artery supplying the T10 spinal cord. Where would the following deficits be obsered. I. Pain II. Discriminating Touch A. R arm B. L arm C. R leg D. L leg E. No deficit. | I. C. R Leg, D. L leg II. E. No area of deficit |
| [4] Consider a right hemidissection of the C2 spinal cord. Deficits in which modalities are seen in the R C2 dermatome. A. Pain only B. Discriminating touch only C. Crude touch and pressure only D. All general sensation. | D. All general sensation |
| Name the nuclei/grey whose fibers join the: A. Right inferior cerebellar peduncle | R cuneate nucleus, R nucleus dorsalis, |
| Name the nuclei/grey whose fibers join the: B. Right ventral trigeminothalmic tract | L Cheif of 5, R Spinotrigeminal |
| [2] Name the nuclei/grey whose fibers join the: C. Right fasciculus gracilis | R Dorsal root ganglion T6 down |
| [3] Name the nuclei/grey whose fibers join the: Right neospinothalamic tract | L nucleus proprius |
| [7] Which pathway from the lower extremity carries proprioception integrated with info about the level of excitation for the lower motor neuron to the left Cerebellum? Name one group of fibers that provide the info about the excitation of the LMN. | left Ventral Spinocerebellar tract Corticospinal Tract |
| What stage of consciousness is characterized by nearl absent voluntary and spontaneous movements and elicited responses only with pain. | Stupor |
| [5] In persistent vegetative state a person is awake but not aware because the A.____________ is/are intact but the B.___________ is/are not function. | A. Reticular Activation system B. Cerebral cortex |
| Name 2 major general sources of afferents to the reticular nuclei in the pathway for ascending reticular activation. | Sensation, Cerebral cortex (Sensory and cortical) |
| [3] What is the most common site of congenital aneurysm? | Circle of Willis (may find RBC's in the CSF) |
| [5] Hemorrhage resulting from tearing the superior cerebral vein as it empties in the superior sagittal sinus. (increased intracranial pressure from blow to forehead or back of head) A. Epidural B. Cerebral C. Subarachnoid D. Subdural | D. Subdural |
| Hemorrhage resulting in blood or bilirubin in the CSF. A. Epidural B. Cerebral C. Subarachnoid D. Subdural | C. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| [5] Area of diencephalon containing Substantia nigra and red nucleus. A. Epithalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Subthalamus D. Thalamus | C. Subthalamus |
| [4] Area of diencephalon containing pineal gland. A. Epithalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Subthalamus D. Thalamus What part of the diencephalon controls circadian rythems? | A. Epithalamus Same (Epithalamus) |
| [3] Area of diencephalon containing mamillary nucleus. A. Epithalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Subthalamus D. Thalamus | B. Hypothalamus (Influences endocrine system and automatic nervous system) |
| Which thalamic group of nuclei receive afferents for both the paleospinothalamic tract and the reticular nuclei of the brainstem? | Diffuse reticular projection group |
| [3] Which thalamic nucleus projects to areas 3,1,2 laterally? | Ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus |
| [2] Consider an occlusion of the left posterior spinal artery supplying T10 spinal cord. Deficits in which modalities are expected? Explain. | No deficits - anastomoses |
| [4] Which brainstem nuclei send info into the Left cerebellum | L Mesencephalic nuclei, L Reticular nuclei, L lateral cuneate |
| [3] A person in persistent vegetative state? A. Responds appropriately to simple commands B.Has normal sleep/wake cycles C.Little to no spontaneous eye movements D. has an intact cerebral cortex D.Has an intact reticular activating system. E. stupor | B Normal wake/sleep cycles C spontaneous eye movement D has an intact reticular activating system (AWARE of SURROUNDINGS BUT UNABLE TO RESPOND) |
| [3] Consider an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery. What areas will have a deficit in pain? A. R arm B. L arm C. R leg D. L leg E. None | C. R leg D L leg |
| [2] Consider an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery. What areas will have a deficit in discriminating touch? A. R arm B. L arm C. R leg D. L leg E. None | E. None |
| [5] The right neospinothamic tract originates in the A._______________ and terminates on the B.___________. | A. Left Nucleus Proprius B. Right Ventral Posterior Lateral nucleus of the thalamus |
| [2] Fibers in the right ventral trigeminothalamic tract originated from _____________ nuclei. | Left Cheif nucleus of 5, spinotrigeminal nucleus, Left Reticular nuclei |
| Which portion of the ventricular system is located in the diencephalon? | 3rd ventricle |
| [4] What group of fibers connects the pons and cerebellum? | Middle Cerebellar Peduncle |
| [2] Levels of gamma globulins are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid in what disease? | Multiple Sclerosis |
| What condition results rom failure of the posterior neuropore to close? | Spina Bifida |
| Which of the following are located in the closed medulla? Put all correct. A. Chief sensory nucleus of 5 B. Nucleus gracilis C. Nucleus dorsalis D. Medial Lemniscus E. Paleospinothalamic tract F. Substantia nigra | B. Nucleus Gracilis D. Medial Lemnisicus E. Paleospinothalamic tract |
| Which one of the following is significantly higher in the cerebrospinal fluid than in the serum? A. Protein B. Glucose C. Na+ D. Ca++ | C. Na+ |
| [2] The anterior choroidal artery is prone to thrombosis. Which structures does it supply that are especially sensitive to ischemia? | Hippocampus, Globus Pallidus |
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