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HUSH2
Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bessemer Process | Efficient method of making steel by blowing hot air through iron. Developed by british inventor Henry Bessemer in the 1850s. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad that crossed the continental US. Completed in 1869. |
| Patent | Exclusive right to manufacture and sell an invention. |
| Orville & Wilbur Wright | Invented the airplane. |
| Samuel Morse | Invented the telegraph & Morse code. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone. |
| Christopher Sholes | Invented the typewriter |
| Thomas Edison | Invented the electric light. Had over 1000 patents. INvented the modern research lab (Menlo Park). |
| Laissez-Faire Capitalism | The government stays out of the way and people fend for themselves. |
| Karl Marx Communism | Everyone is 'equal' and wealth is evenly distributed by the government |
| Social Darwinism | Survival of he fittest. Big corporations get big simply because they are the best of the best. |
| Trust | A group of companies run as a single enterprise by a board of trustees. |
| Monopoly | When a trust gains complete control of an industry, including price and quality. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Became a titan in the steel industry, using the Bessemer process to produce steel more quickly |
| John D. Rockefeller | founded Standard Oil and created a monopoly in the oil industry, owning over 90% of all oil companies. |
| Vertical Integration | ownership of businesses involved in every step of the manufacturing process. |
| Horizontal Integreation | ownership of several companies that all produce the same product. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Bought up and controlled over 4500 miles of railway and controlled much of the shipping business. Richest man ever. |
| George Westinghouse | Invented the air brakes that allowed trains to go faster and pull more cargo. |
| George Pullman | Manufactured luxury passenger train cars. Built an entire town for his workers so he could regulate them more. |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Law prohibiting monopolies, trusts, and restrained trade. Didn't work. |
| Knights of Labor | One of the first national unions in the United States. Organized in 1869, ad by 1879 it included workers of different genders, races and skills. Had over 700,000 members. |
| Great Upheval | 1886. Year of intense worker strikes and violent labor confrontations in the US. |
| Anarchists | People who oppose all forms of government. |
| Homestead Strike | Workers protested a wage cut at Carnegie's house and carnegie hired 300 guards t lock them out of work. Resulted in 16 deaths. |
| Pullman Strike | Pullman lowered wages but not rent, so workers went on strike. Rail workers stopped train traffic in support. Troops were called in to restore order. |
| Haymarket Square Riot | 40,000 workers joined a strike for 8 hour work days, but anarchists took over and set off a bomb that killed two people. |
| Working Conditions | People worked 12 hours with no breaks. They were paid pennies a day fro their work, and no one was spared. Men, women and children all worked. They often got hurt, and their pay was not enough to support them. |
Created by:
rmcinnis
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