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History of Europe
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Judaism | monotheistic, began in Southwest Asia, Old Testament including the Torah is main holy book, important figures include Abraham and Moses, and is the oldest of the three |
| Christianity | monotheistic, began in Southwest Asia, read the New and Old Testaments, Jesus is the main holy figure, cathedrals were built as places of worship, and Constantine made it the official religion of the Roman Empire |
| Silk Road | the dangerous land trade route from Europe to Asia |
| Prince Henry | monarch of Portugal who created a school of navigation, built caravels, and paid for voyages around Africa to find a trade route to Asia |
| Christopher Columbus | sailed for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. He sailed west hoping to find a route to Asia but rediscovered the Americas (Cuba, the Bahamas, & South America) |
| Portugal | sent explorers around the tips of Africa to establish new trade routes to Asia as well as colonize Brazil |
| Spain | sent conquistadors like Cortes and Pizarro to Central and South America |
| France | sent explorers like Samuel de Champlain and Jacques Cartier to Canada to claim land for furs |
| UK | sent like Henry Hudson to North America |
| Colonization | taking over lands and creating permanent settlements on them |
| Industrial Revolution | time period in European history when goods began being made by machines and the need for raw materials led to imperialism |
| Imperialism | time period in European history when Europe began colonizing Asia and Africa |
| Militarism | building up huge armies to protect an empire |
| Nationalism | extreme pride in one's country |
| Alliances | agreements made between countries for protection |
| U.K. | had the largest empire in Europe at one time with colonies in North and South America, Asia, Africa, and Austalia |
| Archduke Ferdinand | he was assassinated by Serbian nationalists beginning WWI |
| What are the three major religions of Europe? | 1) Christianity 2) Judaism 3) Islam |
| How has political geography impacted the languages spoken in Europe? | There are too many languages spoken in one small area |
| Name two reasons why people in Europe were searching for new trade routes to Asia. | spices and silk |
| Name three reasons why Europeans sent explorers to the New World. | 1) God 2) Glory 3) Gold |
| Name the four countries involved in the age of exploration. | 1) Portugal 2) Spain 3) UK 4) France |
| What was the impact of exploration colonization? | It started huge empires |
| Why did the age of imperialism begin? | To find raw materials for the industrial revolution |
| Which European country had largest colonial empires in Asia and Africa? | UK |
| What were the major causes of WWI? | Militarism Alliances/ Assassinations Imperialism Nationalism |
| Allies | was made up of the US, Great Britain, and France. Won WWI |
| Central | was made up of the Ottoman Empire, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. Lost WWI |
| Czar Nicolas II | was the last czar of Russia. the people of Russia disliked him because he mistreated the poor, refused to pull Russia out of WWI, and shot down workers on Bloody Sunday |
| Bolsheviks | were also called the Red Army. over through the Russian government after the czar left, defeated the White Army, and turned Russia into a communist government |
| Lenin | was the first dictator of the Soviet Union and brought communism to Russia |
| Versailles | the treaty that ended WWI and caused a severe economic depression in Germany |
| Economic Depression | time period in German history when its economy collapsed causing the prices to be inflated and money useless |
| Nazism | a form of fascism or extreme nationalistic government in Germany that resulted in its dictatorship |
| Hitler | Nazis leader during WWII and was responsible for the Holocaust |
| Holocaust | the mass murder of six million Jews |
| Allies | made up of Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and the US. Won WWII |
| Axis | made up of Germany, Italy, and Japan. Lost WWII |
| Berlin Wall | was built to separate communist East Berlin and democratic West Berlin after WWII |
| Soviet Union | After WWII controlled Eastern Europe, East Germany, and East Berlin |
| Cold War | time period when the US and Soviet Union threatened each other with nuclear weapons but never actually used them |
| Reunification | when East and West Germany became a unified country again |
| US & Soviet Union | became the super powers after WWII |
| Communism | a type of government where the government controls all the land for the benefit of its people |
| How did WWI and the mistreatment of the poor lead to the Russian Revolution? | 1) not prepared for the war 2) poor working conditions 3) starvation |
| How did the end of WWI impact Germany | Led to economic depression |
| Islam | monotheistic, began in Southwest Asia, main holy book is the Koran, its main figure is the prophet Mudhammad, and believe in the Five Pillars of Faith |
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