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Unit 5 Vocabulary
Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Jungle | Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel about unsanitary conditions in meatpacking plants. |
| Extractive industry | Business that take mineral resources from the earth. |
| Tammany Hall | a political machine in New York City. |
| Pendleton Act | An 1883 federal law that limited patronage by creating a civil service commission to administer exams for certain nonmilitary government jobs. |
| Temperance movement | A reform movement calling for moderation in drinking alcohol. |
| Muckraker | A journalist who wrote about social, environmental, and political problems Americans faced in the early 1900's. |
| Infrastucture | the facilities or equipment required for an organization or community to function, including roads, sewage and power systems, and transportation. |
| Political machine | an organization consisting of full-time politicians whose main goal was to retain political power and the money and influence that went with it. |
| Patronage | the practice of politicians giving jobs to friends and supporters. |
| Civil service | nonmilitary government employees. |
| Hull house | the first settlement house in Chicago, founded by Jane Addams. |
| National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | a group formed by leading suffragists in the late 1800s to organize the woman's suffrage movement. |
| Tuskegee Institute | a vocational college for African Americans in Alabama, founded by Booker T. Washington. |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | a group formed in 1909 to fight through the courts to end segregation and ensure that African American men could exercise voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment. |
| Progressive | a member of a social and political movement of the early 1900s committed to improving conditions in American life. |
| activist | a person dedicated to the cause of reform and prepared to use political action toward that goal |
| recall | the process by which voters con remove an elected official before his or her term expires. |
| initiative | a lawmaking reform enabling citizens to propose and pass a law directly without the state legislature. |
| referendum | a lawmaking reform that allows a law passed by a state legislature to be placed on the ballot for approval or rejection by the voters. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | a 1906 federal law that established the Food and Drug Administration to test and approve drugs before they go to market. |
| Federal Reserve System | the central banking authority of the United States, which manages the nation's money supply. |
| Sixteenth Amendment | a constitutional change ratified in 1913 allowing the federal government to impose an income tax. |
| Seventeenth Amendment | a constitutional change ratified in 1913 requiring the direct election of senators by popular vote. |
| Eighteenth Amendment | a constitutional change ratified in 1919 prohibiting the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages; repealed by the twenty-first Amendment in 1933. |
| Nineteenth Amendment | a constitutional change ratified in 1920 declaring that women have the right to vote in state and national elections. |
| Third party | a political party outside the two-party system. |
| Preservation | the protection of wilderness lands from development. |
| Conservation | the limited use of natural resources. |
| Graduated income tax | an income tax requiring people with higher income tax to pay a larger percentage of their earnings than people with lower incomes. |
| prohidition | a ban on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages |
Created by:
Matthew Culbertson
Popular U.S. History sets