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Unit 5 Vocabulary
The Progressive Era
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Extractive Industry | businesses that take mineral resources from the Earth. |
Tammany Hall | A political machine in New York City |
Pendleton Act | An 1883 federal law that limited patronage by creating a civil service commission to administer exams for certain nonmilitary government jobs. |
Temperance Movement | A reform movement calling for moderation in drinking alcohol. |
Muckraker | A journalist who wrote about social, environmental, and political problems Americans faced in the early 1900's. |
Infrastructure | The facilities or equipment required for an organization or community to function, including roads, sewage and power systems, and transportation. |
Political Machine | An organization consisting of full-time politicians whose main goal was to retain political power and the money and influence that went with it. |
Patronage | The practice of politicians giving jobs to friends and supporters. |
Civil Service | Nonmilitary government employees. |
Hull House | The first settlement house in Chicago, founded by Jane Addams. |
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) | A group formed by leading suffragists in the late 1800's to organize the women's suffrage movement. |
Tuskegee Institute | A vocational college for African Americans in Alabama, founded by Booker T. Washington. |
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | A group formed in 1909 to fight through the courts to end segregation and ensure that African American men could exercise voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment. |
Progressive | A member of a social and political movement of the early 1900's committed to improving conditions in American life. |
Activist | A person dedicated to the cause of reform and prepared to use political action toward that goal. |
Recall | The process by which voters can remove an elected official before his or her term expires. |
Initiative | A lawmaking reform enabling citizens to propose and pass a law directly without the state legislature. |
Referendum | A lawmaking reform that allows a law passed by a state legislature to be placed on the ballot for approval or rejection by the voters. |
Pure Food and Drug Act | A 1906 federal law that established the Food and Drug Administration to test and approve drugs before they go to market. |
Federal Reserve System | The central banking authority of the United States, which manages the nation's money supply. |
Sixteenth Amendment | A constitutional change ratified in 1913 allowing the federal government to impose an income tax. |
Seventeenth Amendment | A constitutional change ratified in 1913 requiring the direct election of senators by popular vote. |
Eighteenth | A constitutional change ratified in 1919 prohibiting the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages; repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment in 1933. |
Nineteenth Amendment | A constitutional change ratified in 1920 declaring that women have the right to vote in state and national elections. |
Third Party | A political party outside the two-party system. |
Preservation | The protection of wilderness lands from development. |
Conservation | The limited use of natural resources. |
Graduated Income Tax | An income tax requiring people with higher incomes to pay a larger percentage or their earnings that people with lower incomes. |
Prohibition | A ban on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. |
The Jungle | Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel about unsanitary conditions in meatpacking plants. |