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Genetics
Gentics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Heredity | the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another |
| Hybrid | the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule |
| Purebred | bred from parents of the same breed or variety |
| Trait | a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. |
| Offspring | a person's child or children |
| Gene | a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. |
| Alleles | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| Dominant Allle | An individual with one dominant and one recessive allele for a gene will have the dominant phenotype |
| Recessive Allele | For a recessive allele to produce a recessive phenotype, the individual must have two copies, one from each parent. |
| Homozygous | is a word that refers to a particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes. |
| Heterozygous | occurs when an individual has two different alleles of a gene. |
| Genotype | the genetic constitution of an indisiual organism. |
| Phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment |
| Meiosis | a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores |
| Haploid | having a single set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
| Mutation | transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes |
| Inserttion | a thing that is inserted, in particular |
| Deletion | the loss or absence of a section from a nucleic acid molecule or chromosome |
| Substitution | the action of replacing someone or something with another person or thing |
| Sex-linked genes | A particularly important category of genetic linkage has to do with the X and Y sex chromosomes |
| Carrier | a person or thing that carries, holds, or conveys something |
| Sex chromosomes | a type of chromosome that participates in sex determination. |
| Genetic disorder | is an illness caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth |
| Pedigree | the recorded ancestry, especially upper-class ancestry, of a person or family |
| Selective breeding | is the process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits. |
| Inbreeding | breed from closely related people or animals, especially over many generations. |
| Hybridization | is the idea that atomic orbitals fuse to form newly hybridized orbitals, which in turn, influences molecular geometry and bonding properties. Hybridization is also an expansion of the valence bond theory. |
| Clone | an organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical |
| aGenetic egineering | is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism. |
| Gene therapy | the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders. |
| Genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics |
| fetilization | the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote |
| probability | the extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case |
| punnett square | predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach, and is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring's having a particular genotype. |
| codominance | A genetic scenario where neither allele is dominant or recessive and both get expressed is known as codominance |
| messager RNA | the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome |
| transfer RNA | RNA consisting of folded molecules that transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome |
| multiple alleles | the dominant of the two having its phenotype expressed in a heterozygote |
| karyotype | the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species |
| genome | the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism |
Created by:
N Rodriguez
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