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genetics
science
Term | Definition |
---|---|
heredity | the passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring. |
trait | each different form of a characteristic, such as stem height or seed color. |
genetics | the scientific study of heredity. |
fertilization | a new organism begins to form when egg and sperm join. |
purebred | an offspring of many generations that have the same trait. |
gene | the factors that control the trait. |
alleles | the different forms of a gene. |
dominant alleles | the one trait that always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
recessive alleles | the one trait that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present. |
hybrid | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait. |
probability | to predict the results of a particular event. |
punnet square | a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. |
phenotype | the physical traits or visible traits. |
genotype | the genetic makeup or allele combination. |
homozygous | an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait. |
heterozygous | an organism that has two different alleles for a trait. |
codominanace | alleles that have an inheritance pattern. |
meiosis | the process which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells. |
messenger RNA | copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. |
transfer RNA | carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing protein. |
mutation | the change in a gene or chromosome. |