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Phil 2200
Intro To Logic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Deductive | Intended to guarantee the conclusion. VALID OR INVALID |
| Inductive | Intended to make the conclusion likely or probable, without guaranteeing it. (WEAK OR STRONG) |
| Deductive VALID | If the premises were true, the conclusion would be guaranteed. |
| Deductive INVALID | Argument in which it is possible for the conclusion to be false given the premises are true. |
| Inductive STRONG | It is improbable that the conclusion be false given that the premises are true. |
| Inductive WEAK | The conclusion does not follow probably from the premises, even though it is claimed to. |
| Lexical Definition | Dictionary definition |
| Stipulative Definition | Freely assigns meaning to a completely new term, creating a usage that had never probably existed. "Foxhead" means a person whose head is filled with misinformation from listening to fox news." |
| Precising Definition | Begins with a lexical definition of a term then propose to sharpen it by stimulating more narrow limits on its use. |
| Persuasive Definition | Attempt to attach emotive meaning to the use of a term. Since this can only serve to confuse the literal meaning of a term , they have no legitimate use. |
| Theoretical Definition | Special cases of stipulative or precising definitions distinguished by their attempt to establish the use of the term within the context of a broader intellectual framework. |
| Syllogisms | An argument whose support for the conclusion comes from its form, not from the topic. |
| Prem = TRUE Conclusion = FALSE | Deductive |
| Ambiguous | More than one distinct meaning |
| Vagueness | No precise conditions apply |
| Definiedum | Word to be defined |
| Definiens | Words that do the explaining |
| BROAD | Definiens include to much |
| NARROW | Definiens don't include enough |
| Rule #2 | Should convey the essential meaning of the word being defined |
| Rule #3 | To broad or To narrow |
| Rule #4 | Should avoid circulatory |
| Rule #6 | Should NOT be figurative; Should be literal |
| Rule #7 | A lexical definition should avoid affective terminology |
| Rule #8 | A Lexical definition should indicate the content to which the definien pertains. EXAMPLE- "Strike" means (in baseball) a pitch at which a batter swings and misses. |
| Almost always deductive: | Mathematical arguments; syllogisms; argument by definition |
| Almost always inductive: | Based on statistics; cause and effect; expert opinion |
| Conditional Statement | "If.....then...." |
Created by:
SamanthaAli
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