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Chapter 2 Vocab
Key Words and People
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Protestant Reformation | movement to reform the Catholic Church launched in Germany by Martin Luther-questioned the authority of the church, the sale of indulgences,& encouraged translating the Bible to Latin-Started in England when King Henry VIII broke up in the Catholic Church |
| Roanoke | Sir Walter Raleigh failed colony off the coast of North Carolina (1585) |
| Spanish Armada | Spanish fleet defeated in the English channel in 1588. The defeat of the armada marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire and the rise of England |
| Primogeniture | legal principal that the oldest son inherits all the family property or land. Younger sons must find their fortunes elsewhere; they pioneered early explorations and expeditions |
| Joint-Stock Company | short term investors to fund commercial enterprise; such investments were used to fund England's earlier colonial ventures |
| Virginia Company | English join-stock company that received a charter from King James I that allowed it to found a Virginia colony |
| Charter | document granted by the gov to some group/agency to implement a stated purpose&spelling out the intended right&bligations&guaranteed inhabitants all the rights of Englishmen helped solidify colonists ties to Britain during the early years of settlement |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement founded by Virginia Company |
| First Angelo-Powhatan War | (1614): series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia. English colonist torched and pillaged Indian villages applying tactics used in English campaigns against the Irish |
| Second Anglo-Powhatan War | (1644-1646): Last-ditch efforts by the Indians to dislodge Virginia settlements. The resulting peace treaty formally separated white and Indian area settlements |
| House of Burgessess | representative parliamentary assembly created to govern Virginia establishing a precedent for government in English colonies |
| Act of Toleration | 1649 passed in Maryland guaranteed tolerance to all Christians but decreed the death penalty to those like Jews & atheist who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ |
| Barbados Slave Code | the first formal treatment of slaves which included harsh punishments for offending slaves but lacked punishment for mistreatment of slaves by masters |
| squatters | frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others and officially not open for settlement |
| Iroquois Confederacy | (late 1500s): bound together by five tribes - the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas - in the Mohawk Valley of what is now New York State |
| Tuscarora War | (1711-1713): began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina after the Tuscarora's were defeated remaining Indian survivors migrated Northward eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as a sixth nation |
| Yamasee Indians | defeated by the South Carolinians in the war of 1715-1716; the Yamasee's defeated devastated the last of the coastal Indian tribes in the Southern Colonies (1720 |
| buffer | a territory between two antagonistic powers intended to minimize conflict between them |
| Henry VIII | Broke up the Catholic Church Established the Church of England Started by Pope not giving his wife a divorce |
| Elizabeth I | Encouraged privateering by ships Profited from Sir Francis Drake Protestantism |
| Sir Francis Drake | ○ Privateer from Queen Elizabeth I ○ Most famous and most wealthy for raiding Spanish and other ships ○ Had 4,600% on return investments |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | organized an expedition on a warmer climate island in 1585 in North Carolina's Roanoke Island off the coast of Virginia (named for Virgin Queen) |
| James I | ○ Disbanded the Virginia Company ○ Made Jamestown a Crown Colony Granted a charter to Jamestown that they had the same rights as an Englishmen |
| Captain John Smith | ○ "He who shall not work, shall not eat." ○ Organized Jamestown colony ○ Kidnapped by Powhatan and saved from beheading by Pocahontas |
| Powhatan | ○ Chief of the Powhatan Indians All the Indians that the English came in contact with |
| Pocahontas | ○ Saved John Smith from execution ○ Married John Rolfe for peace ○ First interracial marriage |
| Lord De La Warr | ○ Governor appointed by the king to Jamestown ○ Militaristic style Aggressive toward native Americans |
| John Rolfe | Perfected the culture of tobacco Married Pocahontas |
| Lord Baltimore | Founded the colony of Maryland Maryland is a safe haven for Roman Catholics |
| Oliver Cromwell | Puritan soldier king & Declared a republic |
| James Oglethorpe | ○ Founded Georgia colony ○ Georgia for poor, imprisoned, and in debated No slavery |
| Hiawatha | Leader of the Iroquois Confederacy |
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