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US History Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nat Turner | started a slave rebellion in 1831 where he and a small group of slaves murdered his master’s family and whites of the nearby town. He was executed. Southernersfeared their slaves would murder them the moment they were set free |
| Fredrick Douglass | former slave who escaped and became an avid abolitionist in the North, writing an anti-slavery pamphlet known as The North Star |
| Harriet Tubman | former slave who escaped and returned to the South to lead many groups of slaves along the Underground Railroad |
| William Lloyd Garrison | wrote the anti-slavery newspaper known as The Liberator, he believed slavery was immoral and unconstitutional |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin which excited sympathy for slaves and hatred for the Fugitive Slave Act in the North |
| John Brown | attacked slave towns in Kansas and raided federal armaments in Harper’s Ferry, WV to start an anti-slavery army before being caught and executed. He was seen as a hero in the North, a traitor in the South |
| Democratic Party | favored States’ rights and limited Federal Government (supported by the South) |
| Missouri Compromise | all new States below the 36’30 latitude line would be slave States, above free. Missouri enters as a slave State, Maine as a free State |
| Wilmot Proviso | though unsuccessful it attempted to make all the land gained by the Mexican American war free from slavery |
| Compromise of 1850 | California enters as a free States under conditions that Washington DC outlaws the sale of slaves, States from the Mexican Cession can chose to be slave States or not, they pass a strict fugitive slave law |
| Popular Sovereignty | idea that people get to vote and whichever side get a majority wins |
| Fugitive Slave Law | says people are required to provide known information about runaway slaves and that Southerners may enter the North and recapture slaves that have escaped from their possession |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | overturns the Missouri Compromise saying that States above the 36’30 line can decide whether to be a slave or free state |
| Bleeding Kansas | as a result of the Kansas Nebraska Act, people started heading to Kansas in large numbers to support their side, often erupting in violence where slave supporters and abolitionists met |
| Dred Scott Decision | Court Case:said African Americans did not have the right to sue and that slaves are considered property and under the constitution people have the right to move and protect property, slaves were slaves whether in a free State or a slave State. |
| Republic Party | supported protecting the Union, federal government, and stopping the spread of slavery into the West |
| Free Soil | Belief slavery shouldn't spread into the West because they wanted to protect poor farmers from having to compete with large slave owning landholder, not necessarily because they thought slavery was wrong. |
| Election of 1860 | the final straw that causes several Southern States to secede on the grounds that Lincoln did not want to spread slavery. |
| Anaconda Plan | Northern plan to block Southern trade through a Naval Blockade and to cut the South in half by taking control of the Mississippi River |
| Robert E Lee | confederate general, head of the confederate army |
| Ulysses S Grant | Union general, head of the Union army |
| Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) | First great loss by the North. Builds the South’s confidence, and the whole country realizes this will be a long bloody war |
| Battle of Antietam | Bloodiest day in American History. The north is victorious after finding the Confederate’s plans to invade Maryland. Convinces Lincoln of the North’s ability to win the war so he issues the Emancipation Proclamation |
| Emancipation Proclamation | issued after Antietam,states that all slaves in CONFEDERATE States are free not the border States. Shifts the focus of the war to ending slavery, convincing the British not to help the South |
| Battle of Vicksburg | gives the union full control of the Mississippi River, cutting the South in half and fulfilling the Anaconda Plan (1863) |
| Battle of Gettysburg | bloodies battle on American History, leads Lincoln to deliver an address urging the Union to stay together. |
| Total War | putting all money and resources into the War effort. This is the Northern Army’s strategy to use their superior resources to eventually cause the South to surrender |
| Sherman’s March to the Sea | Union army will move from Atlanta northward destroying and burning Southern cities as they make their way northward |
| 13th Amendment | Officially abolished slavery except as a form of punishment for a crime |
| Reconstruction | period after the Civil War when Union troops occupied the South to ensure they followed new amendments and prepared to be full members of the country again |
| 14th Amendment | gives citizenship to African Americans |
| 15th Amendment | no citizen can be denied the right to vote based on race or creed. |
| Freedmen’s Bureau | Federal relief agency that sent representatives to the south providing clothing, medicine, food, negotiated work contracts, and provided education to newly freed slaves |
| Black Codes | laws keeping Africa Americans as 2nd class citizens |
| Sharecropping | system of agriculture where tenant farmers agree to give the land owner a portion of the crop they produce in exchange for renting the land. Often lead to poverty when crops were bad and farmers could not reach their quotas |
| Carpetbaggers | Nickname the Southerners gave the Northern Republicans that came down helping Freedman and taking over Southern governments at the beginning of Reconstruction |
| Scalawags | Nickname the Southerners gave white southerners who supported reconstruction |
| Compromise of 1877 | Agree to allow Hayes to be president though the election was tight in exchange for ending reconstruction, giving federal funds to the South, allowing the South to govern themselves, and removing federal troops |
| Solid South | name given to the fact that Southern states will vote democratic for the next 50 years due to their hatred for the Republican party |
| Plessy V Ferguson | Court case that establishes the idea of separate but equal. Idea that it was okay to have facilities that were segregated by race as long as they were equal. In reality they never were. |
| Jim Crow Laws | laws passed that limited the voting and civil rights of African Americans after the end of Reconstruction |
| Booker T Washington | Founded the Tuskegee Institute that gain freedman vocational training. He followed an accommodation strategy to gain racial equality meaning he would accept segregation if more employment opportunities were given to freedmen. |
| Vocational Training | training that teaches you a particular skill such as blacksmithing, plumbing, or typing |
| WED DuBois | Wanted all types of employment and educational opportunities for freedman not just vocational, only supported complete equality of Blacks and Whites, Founded the NAACP |
| Ida B Wells-Barnett | Advocated anti-lynching campaigns as an editor of desegregation newspapers, she was a founder of the NAACP but left the movement because she wanted it to be more militant (aggressive and seek equality even through violence) |
Created by:
ahowe
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