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unit test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what was the court case called over the person who burnt the flag? | Texas v. Gregory Lee Johnson |
| what was Gregory convicted of? | "discretion of a venerated object" |
| what is the constitution? | it creates political institutions, assigns, or divides powers in Gov. and often provides certain guarantees to citizens. |
| what are natural rights? | they are rights given to us by God |
| what is consent of the governed? | the idea that Gov. derives its authority by sanction of the people |
| what is limited Gov.? | the idea that certain restrictions should be placed on Gov. to protect the natural rights of citizens |
| what did the revolutionary war not have that every other war has? | a dictator |
| what was shays rebellion? | a series of armed attacks on courthouses to prevent judges from foreclosing on farms. |
| what questions did the delegates agree on? | 1) human nature, 2) the cause of political conflict, 3) the objects of Gov. and 4) the nature of a republican Gov. |
| what did Thomas Hobbes say life would be like without a strong Gov.? | " solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short" |
| what was the purpose of Gov.? | to protect property |
| what were checks and balances made to do? | to keep factions down |
| what is the secret to good Gov.? | a "balanced Gov." |
| what are factions? | groups such as parties or interest groups |
| which house is the most important one, the Senate or the House of representatives? | the senate |
| what is the New Jersey Plan? | the proposal at the constitutional convention that called for equal representation of each state in congress regardless of the states population |
| what is the Virginia Plan? | the proposal at the constitutional convention that called for representation of each state in congress in proportion to that states share of the U.S. population. |
| what is the Connecticut Compromise? | the compromise reached at the constitutional convention that established two houses of congress, the Senate and the House of representatives. |
| what was the second equality issue? | slavery |
| what does "unicameral" mean? | one house- the House of representatives |
| what does "bicameral" mean? | two houses- the Senate |
| what was the three-fifths compromise? | representation and taxation were to be based on the "number of free persons" plus 3/5 of the number of "all other persons". |
| what is congresses most important job? | money |
| what does writ of habeas corpus mean? | show me the body |
| what is writ of habeas corpus? | a court order requiring jailers to explain to the judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody. |
| who was the key figure in writing the constitution? | James Madison |
| how many representatives are in the Senate from each state? | two from each state, not according to population |
| what is a republic? | a form of Gov. in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws> |
| what are checks and balances? | features of the constitution that limit Gov. power by requiring each branch to obtain the consent of the others for its actions, limiting and balancing power among the branches. |
| what is the declaration of independence | a document Americans created against the British to claim their freedom. |
| when was the declaration of independence adopted? | May and June 1776. |
| when Parliament passed taxes without the colonist opinion what did they do to protest? | they boycotted the taxed goods, and as a symbolic act of disobedience even threw 342 crates of tea into the Boston harbor. |
| what was the document "common sense"? | it encouraged colonist to declare independence from Britain. |
| what is the legislator? | one chamber with one vote per state. |
| who could vote during this time? | rich, white, farmers |
| what was at the top of the political agenda? | economic issues. |
| what five states were represented at the meeting? | New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Virginia |
| Who said "give me liberty or give me death"? | Patrick Henry |
| what is a republican government? | government in which ultimate power rest with the voters |
| what is direct government? | people vote for everything |
| what is a republic? | people pick representatives to vote for them |
| in 1787 slavery was legal in every state but which one? | Massachusetts |
| what is another name for the Connecticut Compromise? | the great compromise |
| what other problem did the delegates dodge around? | equality in voting |
| what other ability did congress get? | regulate interstate and foreign commerce. |
| why were they constructing a limited government? | so it couldn't threaten personal freedoms |
| why didn't the constitution talk about the protection of personal rights? | because they couldn't all agree on one thing |
| democracy? | government by the people, both directly and indirectly, with free and frequent elections. |
| direct democracy | government in which citizens vote on laws and select officials directly. |
| representative democracy aka republic | government in which people elect those who govern and pass laws, also called a republic |
| popular consent | ides that government must derive its powers from the consent of the people it governs |
| majority rule | governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority |
| majority | the candidate or party that wins more than half the votes cast in the election |
| ideology | a consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government |
| bicameralism | principal of two-house legislature |
| federalist | supporters of ratification of the constitution and of a strong central government |
| antifederalist | opponents of ratification of the constitution and a strong central government generally |
| the federalist papers | essays promoting ratification of the constitution, published by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1778 |
| natural law | Gods or natures law that defines right from wrong and is higher than human law |
| separation of powers | constitutional divisions of powers among the legislative, executive,and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making laws, the executive branch applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the laws |
| divided government | governance divided between the parties, especially when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of congress |
| judicial review | the power of the court to refuse to enforce a law or a government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the U.U. constitution or, in a state court, the state constitution |
| impeachment | formal accusation by the lower house of legislature against a public official, the first step in removal from office |
| executive order | directive issued by a president or governor that has the force of law |
| devolution | the effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states |
| unitary system | constitutional arrangement that concentrates power in a central government |
| confederation | constitutional agreement in which sovereign nations or states, by compact, create a central government but carefully limit its power and do not give it direct authority over individuals |
| expressed powers | powers the constitution specifically grants to one of the branches of the national government |
| implied powers | powers inferred from the expressed powers that allow congress to carry out its function |
| federal mandate | requirement the federal government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds |
| concurrent powers | powers that the constitution gives to both the national and state government, such as the power to levy taxes |
| full faith and credit clause | clause in the constitution requiring each state to recognize the civil judgement rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid. |
| who wrote the constitution? | Thomas Jefferson |
| what is a categorical grant? | they have increased the power of the federal government because states must comply with the attendant regulations |
| what is a block grant? | they have fewer strings attached thus allowing states greater discretion in making decisions about how to implement a program |
| what is a mandate? | a rule telling states what they must do to comply with federal guidelines |
| what is unitary? | a centralized system of government in which all power is vested in a central government |
| what is confederate? | a decentralized system of government in which a weak central government has limited power over the states |
| what is federal? | a system of government in which power is divided by a written constitution between a central government and regional governments |
| what are two other court cases you have to know for the test? | McCulloh v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden |
| Dual federalism? | a system of government in which the national and state governments remain supreme within their own sheres |
| Cooperative federalism? | a system of government in which the national and state governments work together to complete projects |
| Fiscal federalism? | refers to the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal government |
| Super pack? | interest group that raises money for a cause |
| how much of a vote must be obtained in order to pass an act? | 2/3 vote |
| what is a constitution? | the nations basic law. |
| how did colonist protest for the taxation without representation? | they protested, boycotted the taxed goods, and even dumped 342 chest of tea into the Boston harbor. |
| who wrote the Common Sense? | Thomas Paine |
| what did Thomas Paine's Common Sense do? | it encouraged the colonist to declare independence from Britain. |
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1415brooklynmcguire
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