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Unit 4 Vocabulary
Industrialization and Westward Expansion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Assimilation | The absorption of people into the dominant culture. |
| Civil Service | Nonmilitary government employees |
| Dawes Act | An 1887 federal law distributing land to individual Indians rather than to tribes, thereby encouraging Indians to become assimilated. |
| Exodusters | African Americans who migrated from the South to the Great Plains following the Civil War. |
| Gold Standard | A monetary policy requiring that every paper dollar in circulation be backed by a dollar's worth of gold in the U.S. Treasury. |
| Homestead Act | An 1862 federal law that granted tracts of land called homesteads to western settlers who agreed to work the land and live on it for five years. |
| Industrialization | The transformation from producing goods by hand to producing goods by machine. |
| Labor Union | A group of workers organized to protect the interests of its members. |
| Philanthropist | A person who gives money to support worthy causes. |
| Political Machines | An organization consisting of full-time politicians whose main goal was to retain political power and the money and influence that went with it. |
| Populism | A political philosophy that favors the common person's interests over those of wealthy people or business interests. |
| Populist Party | A political party founded in 1892 calling for policies to help working people, such as government ownership of railroads and coinage of silver. |
| Reservation | An area of federal land reserved for Indian tribes. |
| Social Gospel | A religious movement of the late 1800s based on the idea that social reform and Christianity go hand in hand. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | A railroad that spans the continent. |
| Urbanization | The growth of cities. |
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