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AP Gov
Chapter 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Liberty | the greatest freedom of individuals is consistent with their freedom of other individuals in the society |
| Authority | right and power of a government or entity to enforce decisions and compel obedience |
| Legitamacy | popular acceptance of the right and power of a government or other entity to exercise authority |
| Totalitarian Regime | form of government that controls all aspects of the political and social life of a nation |
| Authoritarianism | type of regime in which only the government itself is fully controlled by the ruler. social and economic institutions exist that are not under the governments control |
| aristocracy | ruled by the best; in reality ruled by the upper class |
| democracy | system of government in which political authority is vested in the people. derived from the greek word demos and kratos |
| direct democracy | system of government in which political decisions are made by the people directly, rather than their elected representatives; probably attained most easily in small political communities |
| legislature | governmental body primarily responsible for the making of laws |
| initiative | procedure in which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment |
| referendum | an electoral device whereby legislative or constitutional measures are referred by the legislature to the voters for approval or disapproval |
| recall | a procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office before his or her term has expired |
| consent of the people | the idea that governments and laws derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed |
| republic | a form of government in which sovereignty rests with the people, as opposed to a king or monarch |
| popular sovereignty | the concept that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people |
| democratic republic | a republic in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies |
| representative democracy | a form of government in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies; may retain the monarchy in a ceremonial role |
| universal suffrage | the right of all adults to vote for their representatives |
| majority | more than 50 percent |
| majority rule | a basic principal of democracy asserting that the greatest number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies |
| limited government | the principle that the powers of government should be limited, usually by institutional checks |
| majoritarianism | a political theory holding that in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority of the people want |
| elite theory | perspective holding that society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to further their self interest |
| pluralism | theory that views politics as a conflict among interest groups. political decision making it characterized by bargaining and compromise |
| political culture | a collection of beliefs and attitudes toward government and the political process held by a community of nation |
| political socialization | the process through which individuals learn a set of political attitudes and form opinions about social issues. the family and the educational system are two of the most important forces in the political socialization process |
| dominant culture | the values, customs, and language established by the group or groups that traditionally have controlled politics and government in a society |
| equality | as a political value, the idea that all people are of equal worth |
| property | anything that is or may be subject to ownership. as conceived by the political philosopher john locke, the right to property is a natural right superior human law (laws made by government) |
| capitalism | an economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealth creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract |
| eminent domain | a power set forth in the fifth amendment to the US constitution that allows government to take private property for public use under the condition that just compensation is offered to the landowner |
| ideology | a comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and about the role of an institution or government |
| conservatism | a set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national government in helping individuals, support for traditional values and lifestyles, and a cautious response to change |
| liberalism | a set of beliefs that includes the advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals, support for civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change |
| socialism | a political ideology based on strong support for economic and social equality. socialists traditionally envisioned a society in which major businesses were taken over by the government or by employee cooperatives |
| libertanrianism | a political ideology based on skepticism or opposition toward almost all government activities |
| communism | a revolutionary variant of socialism that favors a partisan(and often totalitarian) dictatorship, government control of all enterprises, and the replacement of free markets by central planning |
| fascism | a twentieth century ideology - often totalitarian - that exalts the national collective united behind an absolute ruler. fascism rejects liberal individualism, values action over rational deliberation, and glorifies war |
| hispanic | someone who can claim a heritage from a Spanish speaking country (other than spain). the term is used only in the united states or other countries that receives immigrants-(the rest is in notes |
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