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GA2_E4_Neuroanatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consider a hemidissection of the right L1 spinal cord. In which area of the body would you expect the following deficits: ___ pain ___ discriminating touch ___ voluntary motor a) R Arm b) L Arm c) R Leg d) L Leg | ?? 168 Pain = d; Disc. touch = c; Voluntary motor = c |
| What two groups of fibers terminate/synapse in the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus? | ## 2nd order spinothalamic nn.; 2nd order medial lemniscus nn. |
| The C8 spinal nerve attaches to the ___ segment of the spinal cord | ?? 8th/1st thoracic |
| Consider a lesion in the right internal capsule. What deficits are expected in the left leg? a) pain b) discriminating touch c) voluntary motor control d) no deficits expected | ?? a,b,c? |
| Name the collections of neuron cell bodies for the second order neuron in the general sensory pathways (nuclei or ganglia) | ## Nucleus gracilus and nucleus cuneatus (Original answer: Area's 5 & 7) |
| The neuron cell bodies of fibers comprising the spinothalamic tract are located in ______ | ## Nucleus proprius (in the dorsal horn) |
| Consider a hemidissection of the left T5 spinal cord. In which area of the body would you expect the following deficits? ___ pain ___ discriminating touch ___ voluntary motor a) R Arm b) L Arm c) R Leg d) L Leg | ?? Pain = a; Disc. touch = b; Voluntary motor = b (Original answer: Pain = c, Disc. touch = d, Voluntary motor = d) |
| Consider a hemidissection of the RIGHT T4 spinal cord. In which area of the body would you expect the following deficits? ___ pain ___ discriminating touch ___ voluntary motor a) R Arm b) L Arm c) R Leg d) L Leg | ?? Pain = b; Disc. touch = a; Voluntary motor = a |
| In the three neuron pathway for general sensation, the second order neuron from the right side terminates on the ____ (give side and nucleus) | ?? Left ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus) |
| Areas 3,1, 2 receive input from the ______ | ?? Ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus |
| Define: spinal segment | ## A portion of spinal cord to which a spinal nerve attaches |
| Cranial nerve that supplies the sensory input to the carotid body and sinus? | ## CN 9. Glossopharyngeal Nerve |
| Cranial nerve (name or number) that supplies the sphincter pupillae muscle | ## CN3 Occulomotor (Netter 117) |
| Describe the function of the corpus callosum | ## Connects/carries info between the left and right cerebral hemispheres |
| Specific name given to the pointed inferior end of the spinal cord at or just above L2 | ## Conus medullaris (Netter 157) |
| Consider a lesion in the right internal capsule. What SENSORY deficits are expected in the right arm? a) pain b) discriminating touch c) voluntary motor control d) no deficits expected | ## d |
| Cranial nerve that supplies taste to the anterior 2/3rds of tongue | ## Facial nerve (CN VII) |
| Fibers from the RIGHT nuclei gracilis and cuneatus terminate on the _____________ | ## Left ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus |
| Portion of the cerebral cortex that is involved in judgment, personality, and emotions | ## Prefrontal lobe |
| Name (NOT number) of cranial nerve that supplies motor to the muscles of mastication | ## Trigeminal (Netter 117) |
| Fibers of the medial lemniscus terminate on the ____ | ## Ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus |
| Cranial nerve that is parasympathetic to the lacrimal gland | ## VII (Facial n.) (Netter 117) |
| Name given to the area located immediately external to the dura mater of spinal cord. | 160 Epidural space (Netter 163) |
| Specific name given to the white matter of the spinal cord located between the ventral roots and dorsal roots | 160 Lateral Funiculi |
| Cranial nerves associated with the medulla | 161 CN 9,10,11,12 |
| Where are neuron cell bodies for fibers forming fasciculus gracilis? | 161 Dorsal root ganglia of T6 and below |
| Specific landmark on spinal cord where the dorsal roots attach | 161 Dorsolateral sulcus (Netter 126) |
| Contains ascending ipsilateral sensory fibers (proprioception, vibration, discriminating touch) from T6 and above. | 161 Fasiculus Cuneatus |
| Contains ascending ipsilateral sensory fibers (vibration, discriminating touch) from T6 and below. | 161 Fasiculus Gracilis |
| Group of fibers that connects the medulla and cerebellum | 161 Inferior cerebellar peduncle |
| Part of brain where nucleus cuneatus is located | 161 Medulla |
| Part of brainstem which contains nuclei gracilis and cuneatus | 161 Medulla |
| The hypoglossal n. exits the brainstem between which 2 structures? | 161 Olive and pyramids (Netter 113) |
| Portion of the medulla where corticospinal fibers are located | 161 Pyramids (and decussation of pyramids) |
| Fibers of the RIGHT fasciculus cuneatus terminate on the (left or Right)A._____, Name the nucleus B. _____ | 161 Right; Nucleus cuneatus |
| Dermatomes represented in fasciculus cuneatus. | 161 T6 and above |
| Specific landmark on spinal cord where the ventral roots attach | 161 Ventrolateral sulcus (Netter 126) |
| Group of fibers that connects the pons with the cerebellum | 162 Middle cerebellar peduncle |
| Specific named part of the pons that forms the floor of the 4th ventricle; contains nuclei and tracts | 162 Tegmentum/Dorsal Pons |
| Cranial nerves associated with the pons | 163 5, 6, 7, 8 |
| IN the midbrain, corticospinal fibers are located in the ___ (be VERY specific) | 163 Basal peduncle |
| Specific named part of the midbrain through which the corticospinal fibers pass | 163 Basal peduncle |
| Specific name given to that part of midbrain located between the cerebral aqueduct and the substantia nigra | 163 Tegmentum |
| Area 17 of the cerebral cortex receiving fibers from ________. | 164 165 Lateral geniculate |
| NUCLEUS which sends fibers to area 17 of cerebral cortex | 164 165 Lateral geniculate |
| Which of the following are considered upper motor neurons? A. Caudate Nucleus B. Red Nucleus C. Mammillary Nucleus D. amygdaloid nucleus | 164 166 Caudate and Red Nuclei |
| Cranial nerves attached to the midbrain | 164 3 and 4 |
| 2 paired bumps located on the inferior aspect of the DORSAL surface of the midbrain | 164 colliculi |
| The superior and inferior colliculi (corpora quarigemini) are specifically located in the ______ portion of the _____ | 164 Dorsal portion of Midbrain (Tectum) |
| Area of the DIENCEPHALON that contains the pineal gland | 164 Epithalamus |
| Area of the DIENCEPHALON (typo should be midbrain?) that contains the substantia nigra and other motor nuclei | 164 Extrapyramidal motor nucleus |
| The mamillary nucleus is one of the nuclei of the _____ | 164 Hypothalamus of diencephalon |
| Midbrain nucleus that sends fibers to the medial geniculate | 164 Inferior Colliculus nucleus (-us = singular, -i = plural) |
| Nucleus involved in the visual pathway; the termination of the optic tract | 164 Lateral Geniculate nucleus |
| All fibers terminating on area 17 have their neuron cell bodies in the ______ | 164 Lateral geniculate nucleus |
| Thalamic nucleus that sends information to visual cortex | 164 Lateral geniculate nucleus |
| Fibers from the inferior colliculus terminate on the ________ | 164 Medial geniculate nucleus |
| Part of thalamus involved with the auditory pathway. | 164 Medial Geniculate nucleus |
| The Primary Auditory cortex receives information from the ______ nucleus. | 164 Medial Geniculate nucleus |
| Level of CNS where nuclei for oculomotor nerve are located | 164 Midbrain |
| Give the location of the inferior colliculis. Do NOT give corpora quadrigemini as your answer. | 164 On the dorsal side of the midbrain, just inf. to the sup. Colliculis |
| Extrapyramidal motor nucleus located in the midbrain that is the site of pathology in Parkinson's. | 164 Substantia Nigra |
| In the general sensory pathways, all second order neurons terminate on the ________. | 164 Ventral Posterior Nucleus of the Thalamus |
| Area 17 receives fibers from ___ | 164, 165 Lateral geniculate nucleus |
| Fibers belonging to which general classification connect the primary and association cortices for vision? | 165 166 Association fibers |
| Numbers given to the Primary Somatic Sensory Area | 165 Areas 3, 1, & 2) |
| functional area on lateral frontal lobe; also known as "areas 44, 45" | 165 Motor Speech Area (or Broca's area) |
| LOBE in which the general sensory cortex is located? | 165 Parietal Lobe |
| Specific location (i.e. structure; no numbers) of the "primary sensory area" | 165 Postcentral gyrus |
| Major function of the precentral gyrus | 165 Primary motor area |
| Name of functional area adjacent to the calcarine fissure, mostly on the medial aspect | 165 Primary Visual Area |
| BASAL NUCLEUS that has both limbic and olfactory functions . | 166 Amygdaloid |
| An ovoid nucleus located at the anterior tip of the tail of the caudate, in the temporal lobe; part of the olfactory and limbic systems (also – ‘basal nucleus located at tail/inferior end of caudate nucleus’) | 166 Amygdaloid nucleus |
| Fibers originating in the area of 17 and terminating on ipsilateral areas 18 & 19 are categorized as ______ fibers. | 166 Association |
| What type of fiber connects the primary auditory cortex with the auditory association cortex? | 166 Association fibers |
| Type of fibers connecting cortices in opposite hemispheres (example: corpus callosum) | 166 Commissural fibers |
| General function of the neostriatum | 166 Exrtrapyramidal motor |
| Name given to fiber tract running from the hippocampus to the mammillary bodies | 166 Fornix |
| Fibers passing from the thalamus to area 3,1,2 are part of the ___ and are classified as ____ fibers | 166 Internal capsule; projection |
| The fornix is a group of fibers which begins in the hippocampus and terminates on the _________ | 166 Mamillary nucleus |
| Type of fibers connecting the cortex with subcortical areas (the internal capsule would be an example of this type) | 166 Projection fibers |
| Which of the following nuclei are located in the midbrain? A.nucleus gracilus B. Red Nucleus C. Inferior Olive D. Superior Colliculus | 164 Red Nucleus, Superior Colliculus |
| BASAL NUCLEUS that has both limbic and motor functions | 166?? Amygdaloid |
| The dural sac extends from foramen magnum to ____ | 167 2nd sacral segment |
| Part of the brain that maintains equilibrium, adjusts muscle tone, influences synergy of muscle movement, etc. | 167 Cerebellum |
| tooth=like lateral extensions of the pia around the cord; anchors the pia and arachnoid to the dura | 167 Denticulate ligament |
| Cord of pia mater extending downward from the inferior end of the spinal cord | 167 Filum terminale |
| Name given to the cord of pia mater running downward from the inferior end of the spinal cord | 167 Filum terminale |
| Structure that anchors spinal cord to the coccyx? | 167 Filum Terminale (Netter 157) |
| Name of sheet of dura mater that separates cerebellum and cerebrum | 167 Tentorium cerebelli |
| Structure that forms/secretes CSF | 168 Choroid plexus |
| Vascular connective tissue inside the ventricles which forms the cerebrospinal fluid | 168 Choroid plexus |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by _____and absorbed into a dural venous sinus via the _____. | 168 Choroid plexus; arachnoid villi |
| In the absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the CSF passes from the subarachnoid space into the A.___ via the B._____. | 168 Dural Sinuses, Arachnoid Villi |
| Cerebrospinal fluid passes from 4th ventricle in the ______ | 168 Medial and lateral apertures to the subarachnoid space |
| Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the 4th ventricle into the ______ through the medial and lateral apertures. | 168 Subarachnoid space |
| In the absorption of CSF, the fluid moves across the arachnoid granulations FROM the A) _____ INTO the B)______ | 168 Subarachnoid space, dural sinus |
| Specific name given to the WHITE matter of the spinal cord located between the ventral roots and the ventral median fissure | 160 Anterior funiculi |
| Name the BASAL nucleus that is a wedge-shaped extrapyramidal motor nucleus composed of two distinctly different nuclei | 166 Lenticular nucleus |
| Alternate name for the dorsal pons | 162 Tegmentum |
| Extends from the foramen magnum to the second sacral segment (2 words) | 167 Dural sac |
| Connects the lateral and third ventricles | 168 Interventricular foramina |
| Nucleus located in the floor of the hypothalamus; part of limbic system | 164 Mamillary nucleus |
| Besides the substantia nigra, an extrapyramidal nucleus located inside the midbrain | 164 Red nucleus |
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