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Public Speaking Exam
Questions for the P.S. Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The image of a speaker "created by the speech itself" is: | Ethos |
| The essential characteristic of this one is righteous indignation | Apologist |
| The one who represents not a group but an idea or ideal | Partisan |
| The one who is a spokesperson of authority and speaks on behalf of an institution | Agent |
| Romantic courage is the essential characteristic of this one | Hero |
| The individual who is willing to actively confront power | Hero |
| The essential characteristic is critical idealism | Partisan |
| The classical word for character | Ethos |
| Why is ethos the most authoritative form of persuasion? | We tend to accept opinions of those more like us or have our best interest at heart |
| The presence of conscious and thoughtful consideration of audience well-being | Goodwill |
| Excellence in performing particular activities that are held in high regard | Logos |
| Embodies the best cultural values | Virtue |
| A proven ability to size up problematic situations and make judgements | Practical wisdom |
| We prove by boasting of our track record of past decisions | Practical wisdom |
| Separating the evoked audience from the criticized audience | Polarization |
| The estimate of "common ground" between speaker and audience | Identification |
| Proving the speaker has a special knowledge or experience | Distinction |
| The image of the audience created by the speaker | Persona |
| Represents a division based on antagonism | Polarization |
| The type of ethos which is based on the actual reputation a speaker carries with him is: | Inherited ethos |
| The type of audience that the speaker "wants" rather than what is literally is | Evoked audience |
| The primary position or conclusion being advanced by the speaker | Claim |
| The inferential leap that connects the claim with the grounds | Warrant |
| The supporting evidence of the claim | Warrant |
| Does not make a new argument or provide new evidence | Warrant |
| Persuasive power comes from their invisibility | Grounds |
| "Stopping smoking makes a person healthier" | Warrant |
| "We should drink more red wine" | Claim |
| Universal law that helps guide judgement | Principle |
| The most common fallacy which invites us to treat diverse groups as if all alike | Stereotyping |
| Think of a snowball going down hill and getting large | Slippery slope |
| Fallacy that occurs when an argument invokes incorrect or exaggerated casual sequence | Scapegoating |
| "We cannot allow even one handgun to be banned, because we would inevitably end up completely defenseless and unarmed" | Slippery slope |
| Valuable because they ask "what is it" and "how should I respond" | Principle |
| Type of argument which is simplest and often most powerful | Authority |
| Drawing a general conclusion about a class of people, events, etc. based on specific examples drawn from experience | Generalization |
| The capacity to influence an audience's belief based on the audience's perception of credibility and character of the speaker is called: | Ethos |
| Encourages us to accept or reject a course of action based on perceived consequences | Causation |
| Encourages us to believe in something that cannot immediately be seen | Sign |
| Audience draws parallel between two unfamiliar objects in own way | Analogy |
| Encourages us to treat two essentially unlike things the same way | Analogy |
| "All babies are beautiful Marlo is a baby Therefore Marlo is beautiful" is an example of: | Causation |
| Attacks on man and not argument | Ad hominem |
| Suggests two options and both are bad | Either or |
| If we take one small step it will snowball and get much worse | Slippery slope |
| Any type of argument that just does not have a sense of coherence | Non sequitur |
| Everyone is doing it so it must be good | Bandwagon |
| Suggests the popularity of something is a sign of its value | Bandwagon |
| Latin and makes a negative statement | Ad hominem |
| The opposite of idol is: | Abomination |
| Exaggerates something | Amplification |
| ________ are dramatized feelings that orient us to things within our immediate environment that stand out as siginifcant | Emotions |
| The capacity to make a practical judgement about a particular matter of concern | Prudence |
| Emotions can be characterized by these two things: | Orientation and salience |
| What brings a situation to life and makes us passionate? | Pathos |
| Attempts to make the object repellent | Abomination |
| Organizing symbol which says "where" | Scene |
| Shared general meaning that might not exist | Universal meaning |
| An abstract concept embodied in language | Universal meaning |
| In classic Greek tragedy the one who suffers | Tragic hero |
| Doesn't bear any responsibility for his own suffering | Tragic victim |
| The person we often have mixed feelings about | Tragic victim |
| In general form, anything that represents something else | Symbol |
| Organize other symbols into coherent, dramatic structures | Organizing symbol |
| The sense of wisdom that follows upon purging of pity and fear | Catharsis |
| Overweening pride | Hubris |
| Hamartia is the sin of: | Hubris |
| Stand for something meaningful | Corrective symbol |
| The mournful, melancholy, or plaintive poem | Elegy |
| Does not redeem suffering through wisdom of some higher purpose | Elegy |
| More appropriate in the middle | Comedy |
| Counterpart of tragedy | Comedy |
| A type of experience produced when an oration achieves the height of aesthetic form | Eloquence |
| Most useful in deliberative situations that have become polarized | Eloquence |
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