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CNS test 2 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Includes the fastigial nucleus | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum |
| Afferents include the dorsal spinocerebellar tract | Spinocerebellum |
| Is phylogenically the oldest portion | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Is the most important region for fine motor control | Pontocerebellum |
| Efferents terminate on the red nucleus | Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum |
| In genereal, affects muscles on the same side of the body | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum |
| Influences the motor cortices | Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum |
| Pathology likely results in truncal ataxia and nystagmus | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Especially important in large motor stereo typed movements | Spinocerebellum |
| Influences lower motor neurons by the reticulospinal tracts | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum |
| Recieves afferents from nucleus dorsalis | Spinocerebellum |
| Receives the vast majority of its input indirectly from the cerebral cortex | Pontocerebellum |
| Afferents include cuneocerebellar fibers | Spinocerebellum |
| Deep nucleus receives inhibitory afferents from the cortex/purkinje cells | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum |
| Efferent fibers decussate in the superior cerebellar peduncle | Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum |
| Affects the lower motor neurons by the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum |
| Function could be affected by a lesion in the internal capsule | Pontocerebellum |
| Affects the lower motor neurons through the rubrospinal tract | Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum |
| Granule cells of the cortex receive mossy fibers | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum |
| Includes the dentate nucleus | Pontocerebellum |
| Includes the interposed nucleus (Globose/Emboliform) | Spinocerebellum |
| Affects the lower motor neurons by the corticospinal tract | Spinocerebellum, Pontocerebellum |
| Affects the lower motor neurons by the lateral vestibulospinal tract | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum |
| Disturbances may result in speech problems | Pontocerebellum |
| Recieves afferents from the lateral cuneate nucleus | Spinocerebellum |
| Affects lower motor neurons by the medial longitudinal fascculus | Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum |
| Roughly equivalent to the archicerebellum | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Recieves climbing fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus | Pontocerebellum |
| Receives afferents directly from the maculae | Vestibulocerebellum |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Parasympathetic to the heart | Ambiguous |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Parasympathetic to the ileum | Dorsal motor nucleus of X |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Fibers terminate on the pterygopalatine ganglion | Superior Salivatory/Lacrimal |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Sensory Nuclei supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery | Nucleus of the Spinotrigeminal tract |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the ipsilateral later gaze center | Abducens |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Parasympathetic fibers join the glossopharyngeal nerve | Inferior Salivatory and Ambiguous |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Motor to skeletal muscle of the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus | Ambiguous |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives chemreceptor and barroreceptor afferents | Solitarius (Inferior part) |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from pretectal nuclei | Edinger Westphal |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives taste afferents | Solitarius (superior part) |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Supplied by the anterior spinal artery | Hypoglossal |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Parasympathetic to the stomach | Dorsal Motor Nucleus of X |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the fastigial nucleus | Vestibular |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the tongue | Nucleus of the spinotrigeminal tract |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Fibers terminate on the inferior colliculus | Cochlear Nuclei (Dorsal and ventral) |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Fibers terminate on the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalmus | Vestibular |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives fibers from pretectal nuclei in the papillary light response | Edinger Westphal |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Efferent fibers joining the glossopharyngeal nerve | Ambiguous and inferior salivatory |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives cortical afferents only from the contralateral cortex | Facial motor (lower half) |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the contralateral lateral gaze center | occulomotor |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Innervates muscles derived from arch 2 | Facial motor nucleus |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Innervates the ciliary body and sphincter papillae | Edinger Westphal |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the hypothalamus | ambiguous, inferior salivatory and superior salivatory/lacrimal, and dorsal motor nucleus |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the trigeminal nerve | Nucleus of the spinotrigeminal tract |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Motor to muscles derived from arches 3 and 6 | Ambiguous |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- fibers pass posterior to abducens nucleus | Facial motor |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Located at the same brainstem level as the superior colliculus | superior salivatory/lacrimal ? |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Located at the same brainstem level as the inferior colliculus | Inferior salivatory |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Efferent to bilateral muscles | Ambiguous |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Projects to the left superior oblique | Facial motor (upper part) |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Located only in the mid pons close to chief sensory nucleus of V | Motor nucleus of V |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the superior colliculus | Edinger Westphal |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the facial nerve | solitarius upper part and nucleus of spinotrigeminal tract |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Receives afferents from the left lateral gaze center | Left Abducens and Right occulomotor |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Parasympathetic to the duodenum | Dorsal motor nucleus of X |
| Cranial Nuclei Described- Efferent fibers pass between the olive and pyramid | Abducens |
| Hyperkinetic autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by widespread destruction of the basal nuclei and the cerebrum | Huntington's chorea |
| Hypokinetic disease characterized by slow movements, increased muscle tonoe, loss of facial expression, delayed initiation, and pill rolling tremor | Parkinson's Disease |
| Characterized by truncal ataxia and nystagmus | Flocculondular syndrome |
| Violent involuntary flailing movements resulting from a lesion in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus | Hemiballismus |
| Involuntary movements of the tongue and face induced by antipsychotic drugs | Tardive Dyskinesia |
| May develope following rheumatic fever | Syndenham's chorea |
| Characterized by increased muscle tone and decreased voluntary movements | Hypokinesia and Parkinson's Disease |
| A decrease in olfactory sense may precede diagnosis by up to 4 years | Parkinson's Disease |
| Ganglion cells of the retina- Receive afferents from the _____ neurons in the retina | bipolar |
| Ganglion cells of the retina- Terminate on the ____ for eye movement | superior colliculus |
| Ganglion cells of the retina- Terminate on the _____ in the pathway for pupillary dilation in response to light | hypothalamus |
| Ganglion cells of the retina- Terminate on the ____ in the pathway for the consensual pupillary light response | superior colliculus |
| Ganglion cells of the retina- Terminates on the ____ in the pathway for conscious visual awareness | lateral geniculate |
| Give the afferents to the right dentate nucleus- Excitatory stimuli from the __ and __ by the inferior cerebellar peduncle | left inferior olive nuclei and left arcuate nuclei |
| Give the afferents to the right dentate nucleus- Excitatory stimuli from the ____ by the middle cerebellar peduncle | left pontine nuclei |
| Give the afferents to the right dentate nucleus- Inhibitory stimuli from ____ located in the ____ | Purkinje cells; Pontocerebellum Cortex |
| Ganglion cell axons terminate on _____ in the pathway for vision | lateral geniculate |
| Ganglion cell axons terminate on _____ in the pathway for pupillary dilation | hypothalamus |
| Ganglion cell axons terminate on _____ in the pathway for pupillary constriction | superior colliculus |
| Ganglion cell axons terminate on _____ for endocrine responses to light | hypothalamus |
| In general, Purkinje cell axons of the cerebellum terminate on the _____ where they have a(n) ____ response | deep nuclei; inhibitory |
| Vestibular nuclei project to: | Extraocular nuclei by the Medial Longitudinal fasciculus The ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus for conscious awareness |
| Deafness in the right ear is most likely cause by a problem located in the _________. | outer right ear, outside the CNS. |
| receptive aphasia may result from an occlusion in the _______. | left, middle cerebral artery |
| As an example of descending auditory fibers, the _______ projects to the organ of Corti. | superior olive nucleus |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the medial geniculate relays info from the __________ and projects to area ______. | left and right inferior colliculus; 41, 42 |
| Which two descending motor tracts terminating on in the cervical cord are important for coordination of head and eye position? | Medial Vestibulospinal tract Tectospinal tract |
| Which sensory epithelium senses linear acceleration? | Maculae |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the right inferior colliculus receives afferents from the _______ and sends info to the ____. | right and left ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei; right medial geniculate |
| Which accessory auditory nucleus is required for the ability to discern distance and direction? | Superior olive |
| What nuclei forms the paleostriatum? | globus pallidus |
| Pathology which results in Parkinson's disease | Substantia nigra |
| Name the descending tracts by which the vestibulocerebellum affects the neurons listed: Extraocular LMN of lumbosacral spinal cord | medial longitudinal fasciculus; lateral vestibulospinal tract |
| A person has a vascular lesion which gives signs and symptoms of both basal nuclear and pontocerebellar dysfunctions. Give the most likely location of lesion. | anterior limb of internal capsule; basal peduncle; basal pons |
| Dizziness and deafness in the right ear | right vestibulocochlear nerve |
| What sensory epithelium responds to rotary movements of the head? | Crista ampularis |
| In general, info from the macula projects to the _____ portion of area 17. | posterior |
| Which of the following is characteristics of disturbances in the vestibular system? | truncal ataxia and nystagmus |
| In the basic auditory pathway, the right inferior colliculus projects to the _______. | right medial geniculate |
| Which is true of the fovea centralis? | A. is the area of highest visual acuity B. Contains only cones |
| What nucleus lies adjacent to the anterior limb of the internal capsule? | Caudate |
| The left lateral lemniscus is formed from fibers originating on ____________. | dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei |
| Two cell layers that seperate in a detached retina: | pigment and photoreceptor layers |
| Why is the fovea centralis the area of highest visual acuity? | A. Only cones with no vessels B. No convergence |
| In the basic auditory pathway for conscious awareness, the right cochlear nuclei project to ______. | right and left inferior colliculus |
| A person suffering unilateral hearing loss due to vascular lesion also includes deficits in general sensation to head and body. Which artery is affected? | posterior inferior cerebral artery |
| The basilar membrane in the apical portion of the organ of corti vibrates maximally to ______. | low frequencies |
| The lamallae of rods contain ________. | rhodopsin |
| Which reticular nuclei are required for conjugate eye movement? | Gaze centers = abducens and occulomotor |
| How do eyes move with stimulation of right area 8? | to the left |
| A person develops dramatic increase in appetite with weight gain and changes in behavior and rage. What is the site of lesion? | Hypothalamus |
| Dislocation of the uncus may occlude _______. | posterior cerebral artery |
| In general, olfactory areas send info to ________. | limbic areas |
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ejjohnson
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