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Principal Hormones

MCAT Principal Hormones in Humans

TermDefinition
Growth Hormone Anterior Pituitary Stimulates bone and muscle growth
Prolactin Anterior Pituitary Stimulates milk production and secretion
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Anterior Pituitary Stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Anterior Pituitary Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Anterior Pituitary Stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Anterior Pituitary Stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males
Oxytocin Hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation
ADH (Vasopressin) Hypothalamus; stored in posterior pituitary Stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys
Thyroid Hormone Thyroid Stimulates metabolic activity
Calcitonin Thyroid Decreases the blood calcium level
Parathyroid Hormone Parathyroid Increases the blood calcium level
Glucocorticoids Adrenal Cortex Increase blood glucose level and decrease protein synthesis
Mineralocorticoids Adrenal Cortex Increase water reabsorption in the kidneys
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Adrenal Medulla Increase blood glucose level and heart rate
Glucagon Pancreas Stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver; increases blood glucose
Insulin Pancreas Lowers blood glucose and increases storage of glycogen
Somatostatin Pancreas Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin
Testosterone Testis Maintains male secondary sexual characteristics
Estrogen Ovary/Placenta Maintains female secondary sexual characteristics
Progesterone Ovary/Placenta Promotes growth/maintenance of endometrium
Melatonin Pineal Unclear in humans
Erythropoietin Kidney Stimulates bone marrow to increase production of erythrocytes
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) Heart Involved in osmoregulation
Thymosin Thymus Stimulates T-lymphocyte development
Created by: chri14
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