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Funeral History #8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True or False: in the late 19th Century, most deaths occurred in the home. | True. If death was elsewhere, the body was usually prepared and returned to the home as soon as possible. |
| True or False: funerals differed in style in rural and urban areas. | True. The undertaker was more prominent and handled more details in the cities. |
| In rural areas, who took care of laying out the body? | The family took care of this part of the funeral service. |
| Undertakers played a modest role in: | rural area funerals. He usually just ordered the casket and help place the body into the casket. |
| Where were rural visitations held? | Usually these took place in the home. |
| In rural funerals, who played a more dominant role: the undertaker or the clergy? | The clergy did. The undertaker usually arranged things for the clergy to take over. |
| In city funerals, who played a more dominant role: the undertaker or the clergy? | The undertaker did. He usually took care of all arrangements. |
| Where were visitations held for city funerals? | Usually these took place in the home. |
| True or False: funerals in both cities and rural areas were held in the home. | True. |
| In city funerals, who laid out the body? | The undertaker usually performed this. |
| True or false: in the late 19th Century, widows and widowers wore black for a minimum of one year. | False. Women wore black for a minimum of one year. Men wore black for a maximum of one year. |
| True or false: In general, everyone in the late 19th Century wore black at funerals. | True. This includes the undertaker, the pallbearers, the drivers, ministers, family and friends. |
| What were door badges used for? | To indicate that a home was in mourning, and to identify where a wake was being held. |
| What color were door badges for young people? | White. |
| Black door badges indicated that the person who died was of: | Old age. |
| Young adults were often indicated by what color door badge? | White with rosettes and/or ribbons. |
| When was the first crematory built in the US? | In 1876. |
| Who built the first American crematory? | Dr. F. Julius LeMoyne. It was in Washington, PA, and he built it primarily for family and friends. |
| When were a number of cremation societies organized? | Between 1881 and 1885. |
| True or False: By the mid-19th century, there was a call for reform of the funeral industry. If so, why? | True. Partly to protest the great expense of funerals including clothing and gifts. |
| What was the first American undertakers organization? | The Undertaker's Mutual Protective Association of Philadelphia. |
| When was the Undertaker's Mutual Protective Association of Philadelphia formed? | In 1864. |
| In 1868, this association was formed: | Chicago Undertaker's Association. |
| Most major cities had Undertaker associations within this time frame: | Between 1865 and 1880. |
| Who had the idea for the first state undertakers convention? | Alan Durfee of Grand Rapids MI. The first one was in January of 1880. |
| The first national convention was in 1882, and was held where? | In Rochester, NY. It was called the National Funeral Industrial Exposition. |
| In the beginning, funeral services schools were formed to: | teach embalming. |
| True or False: some funeral services/embalming courses lasted 6 weeks. | True. |
| The earliest schools were | traveling courses. |
| Traveling funeral courses were: | advertised in the local newspapers. |
| Dr. Carl Lewis Barnes founded: | several schools of embalming in the late 1800's. He also compounded several varieties of embalming fluids. |
| In 1878, how many firms were making embalming fluids? | There were 4 firms. |
| Joseph H. Clark founded: | the Cincinnati School of Embalming, in 1882. |
| Who founded the Cincinnati School of Embalming, and when? | In 1882, Joseph H. Clark founded this school. |
| In 1882, August Renouard conducted: | Embalming demonstrations. |
| Charles A. Renouard founded: | the Renouard School of Embalming in New York City, in 1894. |
| True or False: Charles A. Renouard was August Renouard's son. | True, and both were instrumental in funeral service education. |
| C. B. Dolge founded the: | United States School of Embalming, in 1887. |
| Who was known as the "Dean of Embalmers?" | Felix Sullivan, because he founded several schools of embalming. He also embalmed many well known people. |
| What was the purpose of the American Board of Funeral Service Education? | This agency was responsible for accredited colleges and programs for mortuary science and funeral service. |
| When was the Conference of Funeral Service Examining Boards established? | In 1904, in St. Louis. It was responsible for the national licensing exam: the National Board Exam. |
| What was the National Association of Colleges of Mortuary Science? | This was established in 1942, and was an organization for privately sponsored schools with the goal of advancing mortuary science education. |
| What was the National Foundation of Funeral Service? | This was established in 1945, and was a non-profit educational trust to advance education within the profession. It eventually merged with the NFDA, as the Funeral Service Foundation. |
| This organization of college and university based funeral service programs was established in 1961. | The University Mortuary Science Education Association. |
| What was the first state to license and embalmer, and in what year? | Virginia, in 1894. |
| What was the first state to license a funeral director, and in what year? | Pennsylvania, in 1895. |
| What was the first funeral service trade paper published? | In 1871. It was titled "The Undertaker." |
| What did Henry E. Taylor publish? | He published "The Undertaker," the first funeral service trade paper. It later became "The Sunnyside." |
| True or False: there was a publication called 'The Casket.' | True. It was published in 1876. It later merged with The Sunnyside, and became 'The Casket Sunnyside.' |
| When was 'The Western Undertaker' published? | In 1879. It later became 'The American Funeral Director.' |
| Which publication came out in 1880? | 'The Shroud' |
| What was known as the "Era of Magazines?" | 1885 - 1895. |
| What magazines came out during the Era of Magazines? | The Embalmer, The National Undertaker, The Canadian Undertaker, The American Undertaker, The Embalmer's Monthly, The National Funeral Service Journal. |
| True or False: The American Undertaker was published dring the Era of Magazines. | True. |
| True or False: 'The Casket' was published during the Era of Magazines. | False. |
| True or False: 'The Embalmer's Monthly' was published during the Era of Magazines. | True. |
| True or False: 'The Western Undertaker' was published during the Era of Magazines. | False. |
Created by:
kellyrb
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