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GA2_E2_Embryo
Questions from "Embryo" notes. # b4 answer=page of notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name two FETAL vessels which carry highly oxygenated blood and close at birth. What adult structures do they form? | ?? 1) Umbilical v. –-> ligamentum teres hepatis; 2) Umbilical a. –-> medial umbilical ligament |
| Give ADULT derivatives of the following: a) distal umbilical arteries | ## a) Medial umbilical ligaments |
| Give ADULT derivatives of the following: b) umbilical vein | ## b) Ligamentum teres hepatis |
| Name given to fetal shunt (by-pass) through the liver (give fetal name, not adult). | ## Ductus venosus |
| Give the derivatives if any of: (BE SPECIFIC) a) distal part of right 6th aortic arch b) left 4th aortic arch c) 3rd aortic arch | 35 a) None b) Arch of aorta between left subclavian and left common carotid aa. c) Common carotid aa. and proximal 1/3 of internal carotid aa. |
| What develops from the: a) right 4th aortic arch b) left 2nd aortic arch | 35 a) Proximal part of right subclavian a. b) Regresses and remnant forms stapedial and hyoid aa. |
| Give the derivatives if any of : (BE SPECIFIC) a) right 4th aortic arch- b) left 1st aortic arch- | 35 a) Proximal part of right subclavian a. b) Regresses except for small part forming part of the maxillary a. |
| What happens to: a) 2nd aortic arch b) Distal left 6th arch | 35 a) Regresses and remnant forms stapedial and hyoid aa. b) Forms ductus arteriosus |
| Give the embryonic derivation of the INTERNAL carotid a. | 35 Distal 2/3 from anterior extension of dorsal aortae, proximal 1/3 from 3rd aortic arch |
| List the EMBRYONIC components that collectively form the definitive ARCH of the AORTA | 36 (3) Aortic sac of truncus arteriosum, left 4th aortic arch, left dorsal aorta |
| Give the embryonic component that forms: a) the left subclavian artery b) the portion of the right subclavian IMMEDIATELY proximal to the vertebral artery | 36 a) Left 7th intersegmental a. b) Right 4th aortic arch and some of right dorsal aorta |
| The brachiocephalic artery specifically develops from what embryonic component? | 36 Aortic sac of truncus arteriosus |
| Explain why the right recurrent laryngeal n. loops under the right subclavian a. but the left loops under the arch of the aorta. BE SPECIFIC AND COMPLETE! | 36 The right distal segment of the 6th aortic arch regresses allowing the right recurrent laryngeal nerve to move up under the 4th aortic arch |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following: a) dorsal fourth pouch b) third cleft | 40 a) Superior parathyroid glands 41 b) NONE |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following: a) dorsal fourth pouch b) third cleft | 40 a) Superior parathyroid glands b) No derivitives (for 2, 3, & 4 clefts) |
| Exactly where does the midgut end in the ADULT? | 41 (1B) The junction of the right 2/3 of the transverse colon and the left 1/3 of the transverse colon |
| Specifically, where does the hindgut end in the adult? | 41 (I-C) Pectinate line of the anal canal |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following: a) Dorsal third pouch b) Ventral 4th pouch | 41 a. (3a) inferior parathyroid glands b. pg 41 (4b) ultimobranchial body |
| Discuss in detail the formation of a cervical sinus | 42 (B2) The 2nd pharyngeal arch grows caudally over the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches and fuses with the epicardial ridge, thus covering the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th pharyngeal CLEFTS |
| Name the primordium (NOT arches) responsible for each part of the tongue listed below: a) Anterior 2/3rds b) Posterior 1/3rd | 42 a. (4a) lateral lingual swellings b. pg 42 (4c) copula (hypobranchial eminence) |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following: a) 2nd cleft b) 2nd pouch c) Ventral 3rd pouch d) Copula (hypobranchial eminence) | 42 a) NONE b) tonsilar fossa & palatine tonsil c) thymus d) posterior 1/3 of tongue |
| Name the ADULT derivatives of the following a) 2nd cleft b) 2nd pouch c) ventral 3rd pouch d) copula (hypobranchial eminence) f) 1st pouch | 42 a) NONE b) tonsilar fossa & palatine tonsil c) thymus d) posterior 1/3 of tongue f) tubotympanic recess |
| Discuss in detail the development of an INTERNAL branchial fistula. | 42 Abnormal breakdown of tissue between 2nd branchial pouch and cleft |
| ____________ EARLIEST branchial arch composition of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue | 42 Mesoderm from 2nd, 3rd, and 4th arches. |
| Branchial arch composition of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. | 42 Ventral mandibular arch (1st branchial arch) mesoderm |
| Artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the caudal foregut | 43 Celiac a. |
| Briefly, what happens to the endodermal epithelium of the esophagus and intestine in the second month of development | 43 It proliferates into luminal obliteration followed by recavitation |
| Discuss the rotational movements of the STOMACH. | 43 Vertical axis: 90 degrees clockwise (left side becomes anterior surface and right side becomes posterior surface); AP axis: clockwise (plylorus moves up and right, cardiac area moves down and left) |
| Discuss the development of the falciform ligament and lesser omentum | 44 Liver protrudes out of septum transversum and into abdominal cavity. This causes: Mesoderm of septum transversum between ventral abdominal wall and liver is stretched out to form thin falciform ligament... See notes for more |
| From what embryonic components do the following parts of the liver develop? Be sure to also mention the germ layer in your answer. a) epithelium (functional part) b) Connective tissue | 44 (IV-A) a. gut endoderm b. MESODERM of septum transversum |
| Artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the midgut. | 44 Superior mesenteric artery |
| Name 2 derivatives of the CEPHALIC limb of the primary intestinal loop. | 45 (A1-3) Distal part of duodenum, Jejunum, Most of ileum |
| Name 2 derivatives of the CAUDAL limb of the primary intestinal loop | 45 (C1-4) Cecum, ascending colon (Others: Distal 2-3 feet of ileum, proximal (right) 2/3 of transverse colon |
| Which (week) and why does the midgut undergo physiological umbilical herniation? | 45 (III) 6th week, the abdominal cavity becomes temporarily too small. |
| Anomaly formed when part of the vitelline duct persists at the apex of the primary intestinal loop. | 45 Meckel’s diverticulum |
| In detail, how does a left- sided cecum develop? | 45 Within the umbilical cord: 1) Primary intestinal loop rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise around the axis of the superior mesenteric 2) NO additional rotation during the return of the midgut |
| List the degrees and direction of rotation of the gut during its RETURN to the abdominal cavity ONLY. | 46 (IV-A) 180 degrees Counterclockwise |
| Briefly describe an omphalocele. How does it occur? | 46 Midgut fails to return and is covered by amnion in umbilical cord |
| Artery whose branches supply the derivatives of the hindgut. | 47 Inferior mesenteric a. |
| Draw 2 diagrams showing positional changes of the (cephalic) limb of the primary intestinal loop during REDUCTION (return) of the midgut hernia ONLY. Be sure to label the proximal limb in both diagrams and use an arrow to show direction of movement. | DIAGRAM- IN SLIDES |
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sor32663
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