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Infectious Diseases
Terminology for Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A disease or infectious agent that is habitually present in a community, geographical area, or population group. | Endemic |
| The occurrence of a disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy. | Epidemic |
| An epidemic that spans a wide geographical area. | Pandemic |
| The occurrence of death in a population? | Mortality |
| The occurrence of an illness or illnesses in a population. | Morbidity |
| Something in the environment that may cause or increase the risk of an adverse health outcome. | Exposure |
| An exposure that is associated with a disease, morbidity, mortality, or adverse health outcome. | Risk factor |
| The number of new cases in a defined population over a defined period of time. | Incidence |
| This is the total number of cases existing in a defined population at a specific time. | Prevalence |
| Expresses the probability that the observed result could have occurred by chance alone. | P-Value |
| p value of 0.05 means what? | 5% of the results could be due to chance |
| Something other than what was being evaluated caused the results. | Confounding |
| Range of values within which the "True Value" falls in. | Confidence interval |
| Any systematic error in the design, conduct, or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate of an exposure's effect on the risk of disease. | Bias |
| The capacity of the agent to enter and multiple in a susceptible host (measured by the secondary attack rate) | Infectivity |
| The capacity of the agent to cause disease in the infected host (measured by the proportion of infected individuals with clinical manifestations) | Pathogenicity |
| The severity of the disease (measured by the proportion of the total cases that are severe or, if the disease is fatal, the case fatality rate) | Virulence |
| The capacity of the agent to produce a toxin. | Toxigenicity |
| The ability of the agent to survive adverse environmental conditions | Resistance |
| The ability of the agent to induce antibody production in the host | Antigenicity |
| The ability to produce specific, long-lasting immunity | Immunogenicity |
| Clinical symptoms have not appeared but disease could still be transmitted | Inapparent (asymptomatic) infection |
| The time interval between exposure and appearance of the first signs and symptoms. | Incubation period |
| The infectious agent may multiply on the host without causing disease | Colonization |
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