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USII - CP Final Exam
CP USII Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the name given to the alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan during WWII? | Axis |
| What did America’s Lend-Lease program consist of? | Gave British arms & war materials to fight Axis |
| Why could the United States’ isolationism before WWII possibly not protect it from attack? | After defeating European Allies, the Axis powers would still turn their attention to the US whether or not they isolated themselves. |
| On what date did the Japanese military attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii? | Dec 7th 1941 |
| Why did the U.S. government intern Japanese-Americans during WWII? | Longtime prejudice and fear of sabotage |
| What was D-Day? | Allied invasion of France on June 6th 1944 |
| What did the U.S. strategy of “island hopping” in the Pacific theatre consist of? | Attack selected islands and use them for bases to attack the next island; cut off Japanese support |
| Who were kamikaze pilots and what were they trained to do? | Japanese suicide pilots who flew directly into US navel ships to sink them. |
| Which nation dropped atomic bombs in 1945, and for what reason? | US dropped A-bombs on Japanese to save American lives and end the war. |
| What were the Nuremberg Trials? | War crimes trial of the Nazis |
| Why did the U.S. grant military and economic aid to European nations after WWII? | To help the countries recover from war and stop the spread of communism |
| What was the Marshall Plan, and why did Truman’s administration decide to put it in place? | $13 billion in aid to war torn European nations to encourage them to turn to the US for security instead of the USSR |
| What is the similarity of purpose of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Eisenhower Doctrine? | All were part of the policy of containment to stop the spread of communism |
| What was the most important foreign policy goal of the U.S. during the Cold War? | Stop the spread of communism |
| What was the main reason President Truman dismissed General MacArthur over the Korean conflict? | MacArthur was insubordinate when he challenged the President's (civilian control) of the military. |
| How did the Korean conflict end? | At the same place it began--38th parallel |
| What was the G.I. Bill and what did it provide for veterans? | Assistance for returning soldiers that provided low cost mortgages, college scholarships, unemployment |
| What were Levittowns? | Pre-fabricated, inexpensive houses that led to the growth of suburbs |
| At what times in American history did the fear of communism lead to citizen’s suppression of civil liberties? | Red Scares after WWI and WWII |
| Why would many believe that Senator Joseph McCarthy went too far in his hunt for communists? | McCarthy ignored the true principles of America which were the right to free speech and thought. He had no evidence and engaged in character assassination. |
| What major action by the Soviet Union in 1957 led to the passage by the U.S. of the National Defense Education Act (NDEA)? | Soviet launch of the first satellite in space--Sputnik |
| What is the domino theory presented by the Eisenhower administration? | If one nation fell to communism so would the surrounding nations |
| How did the Kennedy administration approach foreign policy in the early 1960s? | With strength and determination |
| Why did Kennedy order a naval blockade of Cuba in 1962? | Soviets place nuclear missile sites in Cuba |
| What Supreme Court decision was Eisenhower enforcing when he sent federal troops to desegregate a school in Little Rock, Arkansas? | Brown v Board of Education of Topeka KS |
| What do the terms de jure, and de facto, mean when it comes to segregation? Where were each primarily found in the U.S.? | De Jure--segregation by law--Jim Crow laws (South) De Facto--segregation by practice or tradition (North) |
| What were the most important beliefs and actions of Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.? | Non-violence protest, March on Washington, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize |
| What is the SCLC, and how did the organization help to get major civil rights legislation passed? | Multi-racial organization of college students that challenged the Jim Crow laws through non-violent protest |
| What were the core beliefs of Malcolm X while he was a member of the Nation of Islam? | nonviolence is ineffective, blacks and whites should be separate, whites are racist & evil |
| What event changed Malcolm X’s racial and religious views? | a pilgrimage to Mecca |
| What were major goals of the Black Panther Party? | Black Nationalism-taking charge of politics and businesses in their own communities, end to police brutality, providing social services such as free breakfast, transportation for seniors, and neighborhood watch |
| What was the goal of President Johnson’s Great Society programs? | Antipoverty reforms and civil rights legislation |
| What act of Congress granted President Johnson power to build up military presence in the Vietnam conflict? | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
| What was the My Lai Massacre of 1968? | US soldiers murdered and brutalized Vietnamese civilians |
| What are reasons why the United States did not win the Vietnam War? | US never understood Vietnamese history or nationalism, US was worn down by a long divisive war, US sided with an unpopular and corrupt South Vietnam |
| What two nations did the Nixon Administration bomb outside of Vietnam, which shocked anti-war protestors? | Laos and Cambodia |
| Who designed the Vietnam Memorial, why was it controversial, and what is its’ significance? | Maya Linn, Chinese American woman designed the memorial. People argued about how it should look. It was an important symbol of honor. |
| What is regarded to be THE major accomplishment of the Nixon administration in terms of foreign policy? | Opening and easing foreign relations with China and the Soviet Union |
| What was the purpose of the War Powers Act of 1973? | Limit presidential power to send US troops into combat |
| What was the lasting significance of the Watergate scandal? | Showed the laws of the US were superior to the actions of a president |
| Why was the Ford administration different than any other U.S. presidency? | Neither President nor Vice President had been elected to office |
| What are some examples of information the United States government may have improperly held from the U.S. public during the 1970s? | Pentagon Papers, Vietnam atrocities (My Lai), secret bombing of Cambodia and Laos during Vietnam War, Watergate tapes, assassinations, FBI wiretapping |
| Since World War II, what has been the primary goal of the U.S. in terms of Arab-Israeli conflict? | resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict |
| What were some of the major problems facing the Carter administration? | Revolution in Iran and taking of American hostages, energy shortage, foreign competition hurting American trade, American unemployment |
| What was the impact of higher prices for imported oil on the U.S. of the 1970s and early 1980s? | Increased cost of oil hurt the economy |
| What are major goals of the more conservative Republican Party since the 1980s? | cut federal taxes |
| What does supply side (trickle down) economics consist of, and which President introduced the concept? | If you cut taxes on the wealthy the money will "trickle down" to the poor--Reagan |
| What impact did the fall of the Berlin Wall have on communism in Europe? | It marked the beginning of the end of communism in Eastern Europe |
| What was the final outcome of the Persian Gulf War in 1991? | Kuwait was liberated from Iraq's control |
| How did the Clinton administration’s economic successes help soften the impact of Clinton’s personal scandals? | His high approval ratings for economic conditions outweighed issues over his character |
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