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Early Canada
Early Exploration, New France and the Seven Years War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Vikings | The first known European explorers of North America, from Scandinavia |
| Sagas | The recordings of the Viking's adventures |
| L'Anse Aux Meadows | The evidence that there was pre-Columbian exploration of North America (viking evidence) |
| Mercantilism | The driving force behind Canada's early exploration and settlements. Definition: the economic theory that a country should accumulate as much silver and gold (wealth) as possible. Export more than you import - self sufficient |
| Christopher Columbus | An early explorer of Canada from Italy but sent by Spain. He travelled to India and found Indians, gold and silver (the race was on...) |
| John Cabot | An early explorer from England that found and claimed Newfoundland and found lots of cod fish |
| Jacques Cartier | A French explorer who went on 3 explorations. He began bad relationships with the Iroquois by capturing them. He found Fools Gold and Quartz and that lowered the interest of Canada and lead to no settlements for 60 years |
| Samuel de Champlain | Known as the Father of New France. He set up the first French settlements in the New World. He also helped with the fur trade. Made alliances with First Nations groups like the Huron. |
| Order of Good cheer | This was an event set up by Champlain which was a 'party' where people were invited (including First nations) and people took turn hosting it. It took place every 2 weeks. |
| Company of 100 Associates. | A group of 100 powerful investors meant to help bring in settlers from France to New France but really only cared about keeping their monopoly that they received |
| Habitation | AKA a settlement. |
| Scurvy | Something many sailors got and it was a fatal vitamin C deficiency |
| Port Royal | New France's first successful settlement in the New World set up by Champlain but later failed because it was too far away from the fur trade. |
| Iroquois | A first nations group who allied with the English and wanted control of the fur trade |
| Huron | A first nations group who had power of the fur trade and allied with the France but ultimately died off after being attacked by the Iroquois |
| Fur Trade | A big reason why settlements in New France thrived was because people wanted to be a part of the fur trade. It is the trading of furs because furs were plentiful in Canada and were very fashion forward in Europe. Helps with the idea of mercantilism |
| Jesuit Missionaries | These were Roman Catholic representatives from France whom made efforts to learn the Huron's tongue and culture to then convert them. The Huron call them the black robes. They also set up things like Churches, hospitals and schools |
| Ursuline Nuns | The female version of the Roman Catholic jesuits. They set up a school for girls and they were nurses and actively converted First Nations peoples |
| Hudson's Bay Company | This is a fur trading company started by two French men but when the King of France declined their idea they brought it to the English |
| Radisson and Groseilliers | The two French men who created the Hudson's Bay Company and pitched their idea to the English after it was rejected by their own country. |
| Colbert | He was the Chief Official of New France appointed by the King of France to look after things that the King couldn't because the King was too busy. He looked after running France as well and had never been to new France. |
| Coureur de Bois | AKA the runners of the woods. They helped expand the fur trade because the First Nations weren't always as fast as New France wanted and also they helped expand New France's territory. They also helped with the settlements by marrying Native Women. |
| Filles du Roi | AKA the King's Daughters. Generally orphans these girls were sent over to New France to help the settlement and get a population going. They were given bonuses of quick marriages. |
| Frontenac | He was the Governor General of New France and was particularly interested in the Fur Trade. He also brought alcohol into the First Nation's trading |
| Laval | One of the Bishops of New France. He fought for no alcohol while Trading with the First nations. He created a University |
| Talon | Intendant of New France and he tried to make New France more agricultural oriented over the fur trade. He conducted a census of the people and brought in the Filles du Roi. |
| Royal Province | This is what New France was declared when the French were losing control of the fur trade to the Iroquois. It gave them a claim to the land and also let France bring in their own ways of governing. Before New France was run by members of the fur trade. |
| Governor General | The role of this is to act as a figurehead of the King. Also to ensure that there are good First Nations relationships, that military planning is all well and that other officials are doing their jobs. On the Sovereign Council. |
| Intendant | His duty was to ensure good relations amongst the people as well as looking after law and order and finances of New France. |
| Bishop | His main role was to convert the native people as well as look after his missionary priests and look after churches, schools and hospitals |
| Seigneurial system | This was the class system in New France. Similar to the feudal system of France. It is how the land was divided and how people would live their daily life. |
| Seigneurs | The lords of New France. Since technically the King owned the land these people were appointed the land and now had status. They had status but not necessarily wealth. They weren't interested in fulfilling their duties. |
| Habitants | The "peasant farmers". They in fact lived quite nicely and were wealthy . They lived much better than the peasants in France and their fees were low. They had respect and freedom and could farm as much as they could. |
| Louisbourg | This is a fortress that the French built after Acadia was taken from them which guarded the St. Lawrence river. |
| Ohio Valley | The Ohio Valley was a large part of the French settlement which ran down the Appalachian mountain region. It enclosed the English and stopped their settlements from expanding. |
| Acadian Expulsion | This was after the English took over Acadia and offered the Acadians to sign an alliance to the English but they would not so they were expelled to other places where they generally weren't accepted. |
| Seven Years War | AKA the French Indian War (to the Americans) was the war that put an end the the French settlements in the New World. The English won the major battles on the NorthWest and the Far East and the Ohio Valley. |
| Plains of Abraham | This was the 'final' battleground for the Seven Years war before the English took over Quebec and the French 'reign' ended. The French made tactical errors which cost them the battle and also they fought on an open field when they're better in the woods |
| General Wolfe | The 'untrained' general of the English army who died after wounds from the Plains of Abraham |
| General Montcalm | The highly trained general of the French army who died after the fight on the Plains of Abraham |
| Treaty of Paris | This treaty was signed by France which gave up all their settlements in Canada and resulted in Canada being taken over by the English. The French were allowed to keep some fishing rights on the coast. |
Created by:
lovesick101
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