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Middle Ages
Unit 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Origin of the term "middle ages" | Medius (middle) and aevum (age) |
| events marking beginning and end | Starts-end of western Roman empire Ends- Renaissance Between ancient times and own period |
| reasons nickname is "dark ages" | 1.) Lack of central government 2.) Constant threat of war 3.) Famin |
| Early middle ages (500-1000CE) | -Small, independent barbarian kingdoms rose up -Beginning of feudalism -Charlemagne expands Frankish and becomes emperor by the Pope |
| High middle ages (1000-1300CE) | -Christianity becomes dominating force -Catholic Church unites western Europe -Vikings (northern Europe) raid/attack Europe -Rise of knights and castles -Islam spreads to Spain/Portugal -Crusades begin |
| Late middle ages (1300-1500CE) | -Decline feudalism -Rise of nation-states ruled by royal families -Hundred year war (116 years) -French and English royal families wanted to rule -English used skilled archers -Bubonic Plague (killed 1/3 to 1/2 of population) |
| Feudalism definition | A political, economic, and social system in which land was given in exchange for services |
| Roles in feudalism | -Lord (landowner, noble, bishop) -Vassal (solider, person who is given land by lord) -Fief (a piece of land given) -Manor (basic unit of land) -Serf (slave, peasant workers) |
| Feudalism pyramid | Monarch-top Nobles Lesser Nobles/Knights Peasants-bottom |
| Serfs life | -Constant work -Rise at dawn -Breakfast=bread -Jobs=planting/harvesting crops, livestock -No school "free man" |
| Craft guilds | -Articles -City life -Wood apartments -Guilds=merchants, craft -Trade -Journeyman |
| Nobles life | -Fighting in wars or watching land -Male jobs=knights, warrior, jousts, military training at 6 years old -Woman jobs=wife, spin, sew, weave -Woman were called "lady" |
| Education | -Only boys studied with tutors -VERY lucky if a girl learned how to read or write -3 schools (song, monastery, grammar) -Schools were run by priests or monks |
| Trade fairs | -Crusades -Travel -First fairs held at celebrations of Church holy days -Fairs included food, music, dancing, sporting contests -Fairs=center for trade -Started to trade for coins/money |
| Dragons and unicorns | -There was no tv, phones, movies, video games -Few people could read -Stories were told by master story tellers -Stories were entertainment -Stories were about brave knights, dragons, unicorns |
| Monasteries and convents | -The switch to Christianity -Monks/nuns -Self sufficient economic unit -Church |
| Monks and nuns | -Teachers -Studied the Bible -Worshiped G-D |
| Benedict | He was a Monk who wrote strict rules many monasteries fallowed |
| Monastic life | -Could be schools -Fallowed Benedicts rules |
| Church Scribes | -Writing -New Testament is part of Bible that tells about early Christians -Love |
| Age of faith | -Religion was very important -Built Churches to worship G-D -Churches were called Cathedrals |
| Saints | A person acknowledged as holy or virtuous and typically regarded as being in heaven after death. |
| Cathedrals | The principal Church of a diocese, with which the bishop is officially associated. |
| Prophet Muhammad | -Born in 570CE in Makkah (Mecaa) -First was a shepherd, then trader and later managed caravans -610CE=went to pray in a cave; Gabriel the angle visited him; told him to recite the words of G-D/Allah -He told everyone about compassion, honesty, justice |
| Prophet Muhammad (continued) | -Muhammad's followers (Muslims)="those who surrender to G-D" -632CE Muhammad ied |
| Mecca and Median | -Busy trading city -Religious city -Ka'ba |
| Ka'ba | -Cube shaped holy shrine -Believed to have been built by Abraham as a shrine to G-D |
| Polytheism -vs- monotheism | -Polytheism: the belief in multiple G-Ds/G-DDESSES -Monotheism: the belief in only one G-D |
| Muslim | -Muhammad's followers -"Those who surrender to G-D" |
| Qu'ran and Sunnah | -Two foundations -Straight path -Muhammad called the Qur'an Allah's "standing miracle" -Some Muslims memorize the Qur'an in Arabic |
| Salat | -Pillar #2 -Daily ritual prayer "Prayer is the proof" of Islam -Emphasizes religious discipline, spirituality, and closeness to G-D -Called to prayer 5 times a day |
| Hajj | -Pillar #5 -Promotes fellowship/equality -Makkah -Eid al-Adha -Important people |
| Siyam | -Pillar #4 -Sivam of fasting -Ramadan (9th month)was when G-D revealed His message to Muhammad -Fast during all of Ramadan -Luner calendar -Eid al-Fitr |
| Zakat | -Pillar #3 -Almsgiving -Wealthy people need to share their riches with less fortunate -Wealth becomes pure when giving some away -Sharing wealth controls greed -Reminds people of G-DS gift |
| Jihad | -Means to strive -Used to mean physical struggle with spiritual significance -Fight to protect themselves from those who would do them harm -Hadith |
| Shahadah | -Pillar #1 -Declaration of faith -Only one G-D -Muhammad is a message of G-D -Affirms monotheism -Pledge submission to G-D -Accept the idea of an unseen world of angles |
| Shari'ah: Islamic Law | -The body or collection of Islamic law -Based on Qur'an and Sunnah -Covers Muslims duties toward G-D -Muhammad explained Qur'an and served as a judge |
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