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Civics unit 1-9
sol review flash card list civics and econmics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| consent of the governed | people are the source of power |
| limited government | has only power given to it by the people |
| rule of law | everyone is equal under the law |
| democracy | citizens hold the power to make rules and laws |
| representative government | citizens elect representives to make decisions for them |
| charters of the VA company of london | allowed ships from london to sail to the new world and make colonies |
| Virginia Declaration of Rights | George Mason worte it and that people are born with rights |
| Articles of confederation | gave a weak central government, states have all the power, congress couldn't make money only borrow it from the states, and was later replace by the constitution |
| VA STATUE FOR RELIGOUS FREEDOM | gave people in VA the freedom of religion |
| Constitution of the united states: Preamble | states want to form a more perfect union, provide for the common defense, promote general welfare, secure the blessings of liberty, and establish justice and insure domestic tranquility |
| Bill of rights | the first ten amendment to the constitution writen by James madison |
| Article 1 | forms the legislative branch and everything it does |
| Article 2 | forms the executive branch and everything it does |
| Article 3 | forms the judcial brach and evrything it does |
| Purposes of Government | protect citizen and provide goods and services |
| Immigration | when one person from another country and comes over to another country |
| naturalization | the process of becoming a US citizen |
| league of Women Voters | encourages women to vote |
| Due Process of law | fair treament through the normal judicial system |
| methods of obtaining citizenship | naturalization, at least one of your parents is a citizen, or by being born in the united states or a territory of the US |
| Duties of Citizens | obey the law, pay taxes, defend the nation, serve in court, attend school and if you don't do it then there are legal consequences |
| responsibilities of citizens | vote, participate in government, be informed, respect the rights of other citizens |
| electorate | all the people in a country or area that are entilted to vote |
| liberal | a political ideology in which a person is opwn to new ideas, and willing to initiate change or reform. More government involment. |
| conservative | a political ideology in which a person wants to keep things the way they are, want less change, and a smaller government |
| campaign finance reform | Campaign finance reform is the political effort in the United States to change the involvement of money in politics, primarily in political campaigns |
| Political Action committees PACS | An organization established to raise money to support an issue or candidate |
| electoral college | the way the vice president and the president is elected |
| electors | people who vote for candidates |
| Lobbying | people who influence the government and government officials |
| functions of political parties | recruiting and nominating candidate, educating the public about campaign issues, helping candidates win elections, monitoring office holders, raising money for campaigns |
| strategies for evaluating campaigns | separating fact from opinion, detecting bias |
| role of the mass media in campaigns | focus public attention on selected issues, holding government officials acountable |
| FTC | federal trade commission-prevents monopolies and unfair business practices |
| FCC | federal communications commission-regualtes radio and T.V. |
| EPA | Protects and ehances the enviroment |
| FDIC | The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is a United States government corporation |
| Legislative Branch | the branch that makes the laws |
| executive branch | enforces the laws |
| judicial branch | interprets the laws |
| bicameral | two houses |
| checks and balances | one branch is able to limit the power of the other two |
| separation of powers | separating the powers of the government between three branches |
| expressed powers | power that are specifically stated the constitution and are given the the federal government |
| implied powers | powers that are not specifically said in the constitution |
| federalism | the division of power between the states and federal government |
| how a bill becomes a law | A bill is proposed, goes to a standing committee, subcommittee, house\senate debates and passes the bill, goes through bothe houses until it is identical, sent to prez. for aproval or a veto, congress can overide it by 2/3 majority in both houses |
| roles of the president | commander in cheif,cheif of state, legislative leader, cheif executive, judicial leader, cheif diplomat, party leader |
| ways the executive branch influencea policymaking | Proposing the legislation in an annual speech to the legislature,Appealing directly to the people,Appointing officials who carry out the laws |
| ordinances | local laws |
| judicial | the ability of the supreme to review a law |
| due process of law | fair treament under the law |
| marbury vs madison | established judicial review |
| appellate | when a case is being review again |
| misdemeanor | a small crime ex: shoplifting |
| felony | a major crime ex: murder |
| jurisdiction | who has the case first |
| civil law | the system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community rather than criminal, military, or religious affairs. |
| criminal law | when people break the law |
| probale cause | this is needed to get a warrant and to arrest someone |
| arraignment | the action of arraigning someone in court. |
| Plea | when someone says they do the crime or don't, plea guilty or not guilty |
| plaintiff | a person who brings a case against another in a court of law. |
| defendent | the person who is ascuse of a crime |
| VA district courts | oringinal jurisdiction, judge, civil cases less than 15,000 dollars |
| juvenile and domestic relations court | judge, hears juvenile and family cases |
| circuit court | judges with jury, oringinal jurisdiction for felony and criminal and civil cases over 15,000 dollars, hears appeals from district court |
| court of appeals of VA | judge, hears appeals form circuit courts |
| VA supreme court | justices court of final appeal, limited to oringinal jurisdiction |
| us district court | trial courts of the ferderal system, original jurisdiction with jury trials, hears both civil and criminal cases |
| court of appeals | appellate jurisdiction only, a panel of judges, reviews cases from the district court |
| us supreme court | original and appellate jurisdiction, 9 supreme court justices, highest authority of any court |
| scarcity | the basic problem in economics |
| resources | things used to make products |
| choice | deciding between two different things |
| opportunity cost | the thing that you give up when making a choice |
| price | the money need to buy a product |
| incentives | things that motivate you to do something |
| demand | how much the consumers are willing to buy |
| supply | how much the producers are willing to sell |
| production | when people make things to sell |
| consumption | using products |
| traditional economy | a economy where people have been doing the same thing as the people before them |
| free market economy | no government interference |
| command economy | the government controls everything |
| mixed economy | some government involment |
| profit | the money when all taxes and bills are paid |
| competition | the activity or condition of competing |
| consumer sovereignty | the situation in an economy where the desires and needs of consumers control the output of producers. |
| proprietorship | one person owns a business, recives all of the profits |
| partnership | two or more people own a business |
| corporation | need permission from the state to set up, own by more than one person, has stockholders |
| entrepreneur | someone who takes a risk in setting up a business |
| economic flow | money flowing through the economy |
| global economy | when countries trade with each other |
| marketplace competition | when markets compete |
| public goods and services | the public is able to use these |
| federal reserve system | central banking system in the US |
| ways government pay for public goods and services | taxes, sales tax, tolls |
| amendment 1 | freedom of religion, press, assembly, petition, speech |
| amendment 5 | protects against unfair treament |
| 14 amendment | defines citizenship |
| 16 amendment | esablished income tax |
| qualifications to vote in VA | 18, have to register, resident of VA, us citizen |
| how to register to vote in VA | in person at the registar's office, at the DMV,or other designated sites,application by mail, registation is closed 22 days before the election |
| factors in predicting who will vote | age, income, education |
| reasons why citizens fail to vote | don't resigster, don't care |
| self assessment | taking a self assessment will help you decide on a carer based on your interests and skills |
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silverflame
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