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US History 14 and 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nativists | Americans who opposed immigration. |
| Know-Nothing Party | Nativists in 1849 founded a political organization that supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens or hold office. |
| Middle Class | A social and economic level between the wealthy and the poor. |
| Tenements | Poorly designed apartment buildings that housed large numbers of people. |
| Transcendentalism | The belief that people could transcend, or rise above, material things in life. |
| Utopian Society | Groups of people who tried to form a perfect society. |
| Edgar Allan Poe | Short story writer who wrote "The Raven" |
| Second Great Awakening | During the 1790s and early 1800's, some Americans took part in a Christian renewal movement. |
| Charles Finney | Most important leader of the Second Great Awakening |
| Temperance movement | This reform effort urged people to stop drinking hard liquor. |
| Dorothea Dix | A middle class reformer who visited prisons throughout Massachusetts. |
| Common-school movement | Wanted all children taught in a common place, regardless of background. |
| Catharine Beecher | Started an all-female academy in Hartford, Connecticut. |
| Thomas Gallaudet | Improved education and lives of people with hearing impairments. |
| Aboltion | Complete end to slavery |
| William Garrison | Published a abolitionist newspaper, "The Liberator." |
| American Anti-Slavery Society | It's members wanted immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans. |
| Frederick Douglass | Escaped from slavery when he was 20 and became one for the most important African American leaders. |
| Sojourner Truth | She claimed god had called her to travel through the US and preach the truth about slavery and women's rights. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | The first public meeting about women's rights in the US. |
| Declaration of Sentiments | This document detailed beliefs about social injustice toward women. |
| Lucy Stone | Gifted speaker for women's rights |
| Susan B. Anthony | She brought strong organizational skills to the women's rights movement. |
| Popular sovereignty | The idea that political power belongs to the people. |
| Wilmot Proviso | A document stating that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of the territory." |
| Sectionalism | Favoring the interest of one section or region over the interests of the entire country. |
| Free-Soil Party | Supported the Wilmot Proviso |
| Secede | Formally withdraw from the union. |
| Compromise of 1850 | California could enter the union |
| Anthony Burns | Arrested in 1854 for being a fugitive slave |
| Franklin Pierce | A little Known politician from New Hampshire, promised to honor the compromise of 1850. |
| Stephen Douglas | supported the idea of building a railroad to the pacific ocean |
| Republican Party | Political party united against the spread of slavery in the West |
| Lincoln-Douglas debates | Lincoln challenged Douglas in what become known as |
| Freeport Doctrine | This nation that the police would enforce the voters' decision if it contradicted the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case |
| John Brown's raid | Began when john brown and his men took over the arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in hopes of starting a slave rebellion |
| John Breckinridge | Of Kentucky, who supported slavery in the territories |
| John Bell | Constitutional union parties candidate |
| Confederate States of America | Mississipi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas also seceded to form this |
| Jefferson Davis | Of Mississipi as president of the Confederacy |
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