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Lesson 34
Lesson 34 Enlightenment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| salon | a place where Enlightenment thinkers exchanged and debated ideas |
| constitutional monarchy | a form of government in which the monarch’s power is limited by a basic set of laws, or constitution |
| Bill of Rights | a list of basic human rights that a government must protect |
| social contract | an agreement in which people give up certain powers in return for the benefits of government |
| natural rights | John Locke said that the purpose of government was to protect rights given by nature simply because they were human. (Life, Liberty, and Property) |
| separation of powers | Montesquieu said that the division of powers among separate branches of government was necessary otherwise one branch would be too powerful |
| despotism | rule by a tyrant |
| pen name | a name used in place of a writer’s real name |
| tolerance | the acceptance of different beliefs and customs |
| criminology | the scientific study of crime and punishment |
| capital punishment | punishment by death; also called the death penalty |
| Hobbes | Absolute rule by kings |
| Locke | Natural Rights |
| Montequieu | Separation of powers |
| Voltaire | Religious tolerance and free speech |
| Beccaria | The rights of the accused |
| Roots | Grew out of the Scientific Revolution |
| How did the Renaissance and Reformation effect the Enlightenment? | Humanists questioned accepted beliefs and raised worth of the individual. |
| What were Classical and Christian influences to the Enlightenment? | Inspiration and rational thought was increased. |
| Thinkers of the Enlightenment prize what? | reason over authority |
| Hobbes said... | governments were created to protect people from their own selfishness |
| Hobbes thought human beings... | were naturally cruel, selfish, and greedy. |
| Locke was concerned with... | people's rights |
| Locke only favored a monarchy in what circumstances? | When the monarchy was governed by a constitution or a parliament was in place to control the monarchy. |
| Locke supported the idea that people should have a _____________ with government. | contract |
| Montesquieu wrote ... | Persian Letters - book criticizing French institutions |
| Montesquieu second book was ... | Spirit of Laws - which described his theory of how governments should be organized |
| Montesquieu believed that government ... | should be separated or divided into three branches. These ideas effected the U.S. Constitution. |
| Voltaire attacked ... | the French court and the power of the Catholic clergy. |
| Voltaire said something like ... | I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. |
| Voltaire was in favor of ... | freedom of speech. This idea carried forward to the U.S. Bill of Rights. |
| Beccaria stressed the rights... | of the accused to fair treatment. |
| Beccaria wrote ... | the book On Crimes and Punishment which argued that laws exist to preserve security and order. |
| How did Enlightenment ideas effect some monarchs? | Some became benevolent and held for the best interest of their people. |
| How did Enlightenment ideas effect the French and American Revolutions? | Both countries shared traditions of Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights. |
| What was the goal of women in the Enlightenment? | they argued that women deserve the same rights and opportunities as men |
| oppression | cruel or unjust treatment |
Created by:
randy hogue
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